Table of Contents
Cardiac
Introduction: The cardiac output is the volume of blood that is pumped out of the heart in one minute. The cardiac output is determined by the heart rate and the stroke volume. The heart rate is the number of times the heart beats in one minute, and the stroke volume is the amount of blood that is pumped out of the heart with each beat.
Let’s Know About the Terms Heart Rate and Stroke Volume in More Detail.
Heart Rate
The heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute. The heart rate can be influenced by many factors, including age, physical activity, and emotions.
Stroke Volume
The stroke volume is the amount of blood that is pumped by the heart in one beat. The stroke volume can be influenced by many factors, including age, physical activity, and emotions.
Determinants of Cardiac Output
The factors that determine cardiac output are heart rate, stroke volume, and blood volume.
- Heart rate is determined by the autonomic nervous system and is influenced by emotions, physical activity, and medications.
- Stroke volume is determined by the contractility of the heart muscle and the resistance of the blood vessels.
- Blood volume is determined by the amount of blood that is returned to the heart and the amount of plasma that is produced by the liver.
Measurement for Cardiac Output
The cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute. The CO can be calculated by multiplying the heart rate by the stroke volume. The stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in a single beat.
Cardiac Index
The cardiac index (CI) is a calculation of the cardiac output (CO) and heart rate (HR) that is used to determine the adequacy of cardiac function. The cardiac index is a measure of the amount of blood that is pumped out of the heart each minute and is calculated by dividing the cardiac output by the body surface area. A normal cardiac index is 2.5 to 5.0 liters per minute per square meter.
