Past Perfect Tense

Table of Contents

The past perfect tense works a bit differently than the simple past or past continuous tenses. It shows that one thing happened before another in the past. It’s like talking about something that already happened before another thing in the past. Let’s check out how different dictionaries explain the past perfect tense.

Also Check: Past Continuous Tense

Definition of Past Perfect Tense

The past perfect tense in grammar shows an action that finished before another happened. For example, “had finished” or “had eaten.” Different dictionaries explain it in various ways. One says it’s for actions finished before a point in the past, while another mentions it’s about completed actions before a specific past time. They might also call it ‘pluperfect,’ meaning something completed before a certain past moment.

Functions of the Past Perfect Tense

The past perfect talks about something that happened before another event in the past. It helps show which event came before the other, no matter which one is talked about first.

Also Check: Simple Past Tense

Forming the past perfect

The Past Perfect tense is composed of two parts: the past tense of the verb to have (had) + the past participle of the main verb.

Subject	+had	+past participle
Affirmative
She	had	given
Negative
She	hadn’t	asked.
Interrogative
Had	they	arrived?
Interrogative Negative
Hadn’t	you	finished?

Also Check: Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Structure and Formula of the Past Perfect Tense

Understanding how the past perfect tense is set up and its formula will actually surprise you in how useful it can be. Once you get the hang of what it is, everything becomes easier. Let’s check out the formula for the past perfect tense.

Structure of the Past Perfect Tense
Positive	Negative	Interrogative	Negative Interrogative
Subject + had + past participle + the rest of the sentence	Subject + had + not + past participle + the rest of the sentence	Had + subject + past participle + the rest of the sentence	Had + subject + not + past participle + the rest of the sentence (or) Hadn’t + subject + past participle + the rest of the sentence
Examples: I had completed my assignment before everyone else even started. You had completed your assignment before everyone else even started. He had completed his assignment before everyone else even started. She had completed her assignment before everyone else even started. They had completed their assignment before everyone else even started.	Examples: I had not completed my assignment. You had not completed your assignment. He had not completed his assignment. She had not completed her assignment. They had not completed their assignment..	Examples: Had I completed my assignment before everyone else even started? Had you completed your assignment before everyone else even started? Had he completed his assignment before everyone else even started? Had she completed her assignment before everyone else even started? Had they completed their assignment before everyone else even started?	Examples: Hadn’t I completed my assignment before everyone else even started? Hadn’t you completed your assignment before everyone else even started? Hadn’t he completed his assignment before everyone else even started? Hadn’t she completed her assignment before everyone else even started? Hadn’t they completed their assignment before everyone else even started? Had you not finished your assignment before everyone else even started? Had she not finished her assignment before everyone else even started? Had he not finished his assignment before everyone else even started? Had they not finished their assignment before everyone else even started?

Uses of the Past Perfect Tense

To show the sequence of multiple events that happened in the past.
To talk about the time until a particular moment in the past.
To explain that an action wasn’t finished by a certain point in the past when another action occurred in the simple past tense.