SONAR Full Form – Sound Navigation and Ranging

SONAR Full Form: SONAR, which stands for Sound Navigation and Ranging (also called Sonic Navigation and Ranging), is a technique in which sound waves are used in order to navigate, measure distances, identify objects or communicate (particularly underwater). The two types of sonar technology are Passive Sonar which just listens to what other objects produce and Active Sonar which sends out sound and listens to the echoes that come back.

The idea of SONAR was initially identified by Leonardo da Vinci who utilized a basic tube plunged in water so as to hear the ships around him. But, the name SONAR gained popularity when the Ocean hearing was highly needed in World War I as the submarine menace was posing threat. Active Sonar Systems in use today employ the use of transducers which transmit sound waves and are reflected off objects, to detect or fix their location in waters.

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What is the Full Form of SONAR and RADAR?

SONAR Full Form: Sound Navigation and Ranging

RADAR Full Form: Radio Detection and Ranging

SONAR uses sound waves to detect objects underwater. In contrast, RADAR uses radio waves to detect objects in the air or on land. Both systems are used for navigation, detection, and ranging but in different environments.

What is SONAR?

SONAR is an acronym of Sound Navigation And Ranging. It is the technology that identifies, finds and measures underwater objects based on use of sound waves. The SONAR systems project sound impulses (referred to as pings), which reflect on the objects and come back to the origin of the sound.

Through analyzing these echoes, SONAR is more feasible to detect distances, shapes as well as materials underwater through SONAR.

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Working Principle of SONAR – How Does It Work?

SONAR works on the principle of echo sounding. Here’s how it functions:

• The SONAR sends a sound wave (ping) into the water.
• The sound wave travels through the water until it hits an object.
• Wave bounces off the object and gets back as an echo.
• The system figures the distance on the basis of how long it takes the echo to return.

Formula used:
Distance = (Speed of Sound in Water × Time) ÷ 2

• The sound travels about 1500 meters per second in water, making SONAR an accurate underwater measuring tool.

Who Discovered SONAR?

Leonardo da Vinci in the 15th century SONAR derived its fundamental concept through the use of a tube in water to locate vessels. In 1906, a British naval soldier by name Lewis Nixon invented the first sonar that was deployed in the battlefield as a passive listening user against the War I submarines lurking in the water. He worked on the use of ultrasonic sound waves in detecting submarines.

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Types of SONAR

Their are mainly three types of SONAR

• Active SONAR: Emits sound waves and listens for echoes. Used for detection and ranging.
• Passive SONAR: Listens for sounds made by objects (like submarines). Does not emit any sound.
• Dual SONAR Systems: Combines both active and passive methods.

Benefits of SONAR

SONAR is used in many ways and it has helped during war times and still used underwater to detect objects:

• Accurate Underwater Detection – Helps in finding objects with high precision.
• Navigation Aid – Supports ships and submarines in safe navigation.
• Marine Research – Essential for studying marine life and underwater mapping.
• Military Applications – Used for detecting enemy submarines and mines.
• Rescue Operations – Helps in finding sunken ships and aircraft.

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What is SONAR Used For?

1. Submarine and Ship Navigation
2. Fishing Industry (Fish Finders)
3. Oceanography and Marine Research
4. Underwater Archaeology
5. Military Surveillance and Defense
6. Seabed Mapping and Oil Exploration
7. Search and Rescue Operations

Limitations of SONAR

• Limited to Water – Cannot be used in air like RADAR.
• Affected by Water Conditions – Temperature, pressure, and salinity affect performance.
• Noise Pollution – High-frequency SONAR can harm marine life.
• Range Limitations – Has a specific detection range depending on the type of SONAR.
• Costly Equipment – Advanced SONAR systems are expensive.

SONAR Full Form in Hindi

SONAR (साउंड नेविगेशन एंड रेंजिंग) एक तकनीक है जो पानी के नीचे आवाज की तरंगों का उपयोग करके वस्तुओं को खोजने, दूरी मापने और दिशा जानने के लिए काम में ली जाती है। यह तकनीक पनडुब्बियों, जहाजों और समुद्री विज्ञान के कामों में बहुत उपयोगी होती है। जब ध्वनि की तरंगें किसी वस्तु से टकराकर वापस आती हैं, तो उससे उसकी दूरी और स्थिति का पता चलता है।

Full Form of SONAR in Kannada

SONAR – ಸೌಂಡ್ ನಾವಿಗೇಶನ್ ಅಂಡ್ ರ್ಯಾಂಜಿಂಗ್ ಎಂದರೇನು? ಇದೊಂದು ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನವಾಗಿದೆ, ಇದು ನೀರಿನೊಳಗೆ ಧ್ವನಿತರಂಗಗಳನ್ನು ಬಳಸಿ ವಸ್ತುಗಳಿಗೆ ದಿಕ್ಕು ಮತ್ತು ಅಂತರವನ್ನು ಕಂಡುಹಿಡಿಯಲು ಸಹಾಯಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ. ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಇದನ್ನು ನೌಕೆಗಳು, ಸಮುದ್ರವಿಜ್ಞಾನ, ಹಾಗೂ ಸಬ್‌ಮೆರಿನ್‌ಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಬಳಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಧ್ವನಿತರಂಗಗಳು ವಸ್ತಿನಿಂದ ಬೇಟಿ ಹೊಡೆದು ಮತ್ತೆ ಹಿಂದಿರುಗಿದಾಗ, ಅದರ ದೂರವನ್ನು ಅಳೆಯಬಹುದು.

Full Form of SONAR in Tamil

SONAR (சவுண்ட் நாவிகேஷன் அண்ட் ரேஞ்சிங்) என்பது ஒரு தொழில்நுட்பம். இது samudaththil irukkum porulaik kandupidikka, athin udal nirappaiyum thoorathaiyum aRiya, osai alaihaip payanpadutthum oru method. இந்த இயந்திரம் குழிபடகு, கப்பல், மற்றும் கடலியல் ஆராய்ச்சிகளில் பயன்படுகிறது. ஒலி அலை ஒன்று பொருளைத் தோன்றி திரும்ப வருகின்ற பொழுது, அந்த பொருளின் இடம் மற்றும் தூரம் கணிக்கப்பட்டு அறியப்படும்.

SONAR Full Form FAQs

What is the full form of SONAR?

SONAR Full Form is Sound Navigation and Ranging. It is a technology that uses sound waves to detect and locate objects underwater.

What is the working principle of SONAR?

SONAR is designed to transmit sound signals in a water. These pulses strike onto an object, which reflects it by echoes. The SONAR can identify the distance of the object by recording the distance that the echo travels in order to be reflected back to the sending body.

Where is SONAR used?

Defense: Detection of submarines and under-water threat. Fishing: Searching the fish in the water. Marine research: Investigation of ocean floors and sea. Navigation: assists the vessels in not hitting the underwater obstacles.

What is the speed of sound in water for SONAR?

The speed of sound that is used in the calculations of SONAR in water is about 1,500 meters per second. This value assists the systems to measure distances correctly.

Why is SONAR important?

SONAR plays critical roles in safe navigation, military activities, underwater studies, and rescue of underwater finds or misplaced things. It adds safety and provides us with useful scenery concerning underwater worlds.

Can SONAR be used in air or on land?

SONAR is developed specifically to be used in underwater, as sound travels a long way and more consistently inside water than compared to air or soil.

Who invented SONAR?

Concepts of the SONAR origin started in the early 20 th century, however, its application increased rapidly in both world war I and World War II particularly as used in naval operations.