Nuclear Physics

nuclear physics

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Atomic and Nuclear Physics

Atomic physics is the study of the atom, the smallest particle of an element that has the chemical properties of that element. The term “atom” comes from the Greek word for indivisible, because it was once thought that atoms were the smallest things in the universe and could not be divided. Nuclear physics is the study of the nucleus of the atom, which contains the protons and neutrons. The protons have a positive charge, and the neutrons have no charge. The study of the atom is important because it is the basic building block of matter. All matter is made up of atoms, and the properties of matter are determined by the way the atoms are arranged. The study of nuclear physics is important because it is the study of the nucleus, which is the most important part of the atom.

Properties of Nuclear Force

The nuclear force is a force that acts between the nuclei of atoms. It is a very strong force and is responsible for the stability of atoms. The nuclear force is also responsible for the binding of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

What is Radioactive Decay Law

?

Radioactive decay law states that the probability of a radioactive atom decaying in a given time period is constant.

Units of Radioactivity

The becquerel (Bq) is the SI unit of radioactivity. One Bq is equal to one disintegration per second. One Bq is also equal to 2.703 × 10−11 Ci.

Radioactivity and applications

Radioactive decay and half-life

Radioactive decay is the process in which a nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting ionizing particles. The emission is spontaneous, random in direction, and does not depend on temperature. The emission is referred to as radioactive decay.

Radioactive decay is a stochastic (i.e. random) process at the level of single atoms: according to the law of large numbers, the average behaviour of a large number of atoms is predicted by the decay equation, regardless of their initial conditions.

The number of nuclei of a specific radionuclide that decay in a given time interval is proportional to the number of nuclei present at the beginning of that interval. The time it takes for half of the atoms to decay is called the half-life of the radionuclide.

Radioactive decay is used to date the age of rocks containing radioactive isotopes. The half-life of these isotopes (radioisotopes) is used to calculate the age of the rocks in which they are found.

Radioactive decay is also used in the medical field to treat cancer and other diseases. Radioactive isotopes are injected into

Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Decay from Radioactive Nuclei

(No. 5)

Introduction

Radioactive decay results from nuclear instability. The unstable nucleus will release energy and matter in order to become more stable. The energy released in this process is called radioactive decay energy. It is radiated in the form of high energy particles or electromagnetic waves. The types of particles that are emitted depend on the parent nucleus. Particles emitted from nuclei are called radioisotopes.

The three most common types of radioactive decay are alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma decay. There are also other types of radioactive decay such as positron emission and electron capture.

Alpha Decay

Alpha decay is the most common type of radioactive decay. It occurs when an unstable nucleus emits an alpha particle. An alpha particle is made up of two protons and two neutrons. It has a charge of +2 and a mass of 4 amu.

The alpha particle is emitted from the nucleus with a high velocity. The velocity of the alpha particle is much greater than the velocity of the nucleus. As a result, the alpha particle has a large amount of kinetic energy.

The alpha particle is attracted to the nucleus by the strong nuclear force. However, the alpha particle is also repelled by the electrostatic force. The electrostatic force is stronger than the strong nuclear force. As a result, the alpha particle is emitted from the nucleus.

The alpha particle has a large mass and a large charge. As a

Mass Defect

The difference between the mass of an atom’s nucleus and the combined mass of its protons and neutrons.

Uses of Nuclear Physics

Nuclear physics is used in a variety of ways, including:

-Nuclear power
-Nuclear medicine
-Nuclear weapons
-Research
-Industrial applications