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Aurangabad, a city nestled in the hilly uplands of west-central Maharashtra, holds a rich tapestry of history, culture, and economic development. Formerly known as Khadki, the city was founded by Malik Ambar in 1610 and later became the headquarters of Aurangzeb during his viceroyalty over the Deccan. Over the centuries, it has witnessed the rise and fall of empires, the flourishing of arts and literature, and the transition from princely states to a vital part of independent India.
Aurangabad Historical Evolution
The history of Aurangabad unfolds through the lens of time, from its humble beginnings as Khadki to its prominence under Mughal rule. After the fall of the Nizam Shāhī dynasty in 1633, the city came under Mughal influence, and in 1653, Aurangzeb made it his capital. The mausoleum complex of Bibi Ka Maqbara, an architectural gem resembling the Taj Mahal, stands as a testament to the Mughal era in Aurangabad.
In 1724, Asaf Jah seceded from the Mughal Empire, establishing his own dynasty in the Deccan with Aurangabad as its capital. This era marked both political and cultural significance for the city until the capital was later shifted to Hyderabad in 1763. The subsequent British presence, marked by the establishment of a cantonment in 1816, did not overshadow the city’s unique cultural identity.
Aurangabad’s industrialization in the late 19th century brought economic changes, and the city’s first cotton mill opened in 1889. However, famines in the early 20th century posed challenges. Post-independence, Aurangabad’s journey through different states, from Hyderabad to Bombay, finally culminated in its inclusion in Maharashtra in 1960.
Aurangabad Renaming Controversy
In recent times, the city became a subject of controversy with proposals for a name change. Bal Thackeray, in 1988, suggested renaming it as Sambhajinagar. The resolution for the change was passed in 1995, and in June 2022, the Maharashtra cabinet approved the renaming to Sambhaji Nagar, honouring the second Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire.
Aurangabad Geography and Climate
Nestled amidst hills and bordered by the Kaum River, Aurangabad boasts a unique geography. The city experiences a semi-arid climate with temperatures ranging from 17 to 33 °C. The most comfortable time to visit is during the winter months, from October to February. Monsoons bring rainfall from June to September, and the city remains cloudy, offering respite from the summer heat.
Aurangabad Demographics and Language
Aurangabad’s population has witnessed steady growth over the years. According to the 2011 Census, the city had a population of 1,175,116. The majority of the population follows Hinduism, followed by Muslims, Buddhists, Jains, and a small Christian community. Marathi is the official language, with Urdu and Hindi also widely spoken.
Aurangabad Economy and Industrial Development
Aurangabad is a shining example of balanced industrialization. Historically known for silk and cotton textile production, the city evolved into a major industrial hub. The Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) played a pivotal role in acquiring land and establishing industrial estates, fostering the growth of manufacturing, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and automobile industries.
The opening of the Hyderabad-Godavari Valley Railways in 1900 marked the beginning of industrialization, with ginning factories sprouting up. Today, major companies like Siemens, BMW, Audi India, Skoda Auto, Bajaj Auto, and Goodyear have a significant presence in the city. The development of industrial areas like Chikhalthana, Shendra, and Waluj MIDC, along with the upcoming Shendra-Bidkin Industrial Park under the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC), signifies the city’s economic prowess.
Aurangabad Cultural Heritage
Aurangabad’s culture reflects a blend of its historical influences, with a distinct touch of the Hyderabad culture. The old city retains the charm of Muslim traditions, seen in its language, cuisine, and the enduring influence of Urdu. Wali Dakhni, a classical poet from Aurangabad, was the first to compose in Urdu, leaving an indelible mark on the city’s literary legacy. Prominent poets like Shah Hatem, Siraj Aurangabadi, and Azad Bilgrami further enriched the cultural landscape.
Aurangabad Education and Tourism
Aurangabad is not just an industrial powerhouse but also a prominent educational centre. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, established in 1958, stands as a testament to the city’s commitment to education. Numerous branch colleges contribute to making Aurangabad a hub for learning.
The city’s proximity to the Ellora and Ajanta cave temples, designated UNESCO World Heritage sites in 1983, makes it a popular tourist destination. The Bibi Ka Maqbara, often called the ‘Taj of the Deccan,’ draws visitors with its architectural splendour. Aurangabad’s historical sites, coupled with its vibrant culture, attract tourists from far and wide.
Aurangabad Cuisine: A Fusion of Culinary Delights
Aurangabad, known for its vibrant culinary scene, boasts a delectable fusion of Mughlai and Hyderabadi influences with a touch of Marathwada’s unique spices. The local cuisine showcases fragrant pulao, biryani, and a variety of sweets that tantalise the taste buds. One standout dish is the Naan Qalia, a delectable combination of tender mutton and a medley of aromatic spices. The naan, crafted in a traditional tandoor, perfectly complements the rich flavours of Qalia, creating a culinary experience unique to Aurangabad.
Aurangabad Transport: Seamless Connectivity to Explore
- Air Connectivity: Aurangabad Airport serves as a vital gateway, offering connecting flights to prominent cities like Hyderabad, Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Udaipur, Tirupati, Visakhapatnam, and Thiruvananthapuram. Notably, special flights are available for those embarking on the Hajj pilgrimage, providing convenient travel options.
- Rail Network: Aurangabad railway station, a major hub under the Nanded railway division, connects the city to key destinations such as Delhi, Hyderabad, Latur Road, Manmad, Mumbai, Nagpur, Nanded, Nashik Road, Nizamabad, and Pune. The city is also gearing up for metro connectivity, with ongoing preparations and surveys. Additionally, high-speed rail connectivity from Mumbai to Nagpur, with a halt in Aurangabad, is in the pipeline.
- Roadways: A well-established road network ensures seamless travel, with the Central Bus Stand and CIDCO bus stand serving as major public transport hubs. Aurangabad’s public transport includes buses connecting to every major depot in Maharashtra, and Ola Cabs providing convenient city-wide service. Long-distance buses make journeys to Delhi, Jaipur, Gandhinagar, and Hyderabad in 2–3 days. Furthermore, the Smart City Bus service enhances public transport within Aurangabad’s metro city.
Aurangabad is more than a city; it’s a living testament to India’s historical, cultural, and economic evolution. From its humble origins as Khadki to its present status as Sambhaji Nagar, the city has weathered the tides of time. Its industrial prowess, educational institutions, and cultural heritage make Aurangabad a microcosm of India’s diversity and progress. As the city continues to evolve, it stands as a beacon, inviting visitors to explore its rich tapestry of past and present.
FAQ’s on Aurangabad
What is the historical significance of Aurangabad?
Aurangabad holds a rich tapestry of history, serving as the headquarters of Aurangzeb during his viceroyalty over the Deccan. Founded in 1610 by Malik Ambar, the city has witnessed the rise and fall of empires and the transition from princely states to a vital part of independent India.
What is the story behind the renaming of Aurangabad to Sambhaji Nagar?
In 1995, the resolution to rename Aurangabad as Sambhaji Nagar was passed, honouring the second Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire. The Maharashtra cabinet approved the renaming in June 2022.
How has Aurangabad evolved over the centuries under different rulers?
Initially under Mughal influence, Aurangabad became the capital under Aurangzeb in 1653. Later, it served as the capital for the Asaf Jahi dynasty until 1763. British presence in 1816 did not overshadow its unique cultural identity.
What is the geography and climate of Aurangabad like?
Nestled amidst hills and bordered by the Kaum River, Aurangabad experiences a semi-arid climate with temperatures ranging from 17 to 33 °C. The winter months, from October to February, are the most comfortable for visiting.
What languages are spoken in Aurangabad?
Marathi is the official language, with Urdu and Hindi also widely spoken in Aurangabad.
