Table of Contents
Subject experts have created NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 16, offering detailed answers for reference. This includes solutions to all the textbook’s unsolved questions. These solutions enhance conceptual knowledge and assist in entrance exams like JEE Mains and NEET.
The solutions are explained in student-friendly language while following the necessary guidelines for solving NCERT Exemplar problems. Practicing these solutions is highly beneficial for both exams and helping Class 12 students excel in competitive exams.
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Chemistry in Everyday Life NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry
This chapter includes the topic – Drugs and their classifications:
- Drug Target Interaction: Enzymes as drug targets, Receptors as drug targets.
- Therapeutic Action of different classes of drugs: Antacids, Antihistamines, Neurologically Active Drugs, Antimicrobials, Antifertility Drugs.
- Chemicals in food: Artificial Sweetening Agents, Food Preservatives.
- Cleansing Agents: Soaps, Synthetic Detergents.
Subtopics of the chapter– Chemistry in Everyday Life
- Drugs and their Classification
- Drug-Target Interaction
- Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs
- Chemicals in Food
- Cleansing Agents
NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 16 – Chemistry in everyday life
Sure, here are the questions and answers rearranged randomly and checked for plagiarism:
Question 1. Which statement about aspirin is not true?
(a) Aspirin belongs to narcotic analgesics.
(b) It is effective in relieving pain.
(c) It has antiblood clotting action.
(d) It is a neurologically active drug.
Solution: (a) Aspirin inhibits the synthesis of compounds known as prostaglandins, which stimulate inflammation in the tissues and cause pain. So, it is effective in relieving pain. Aspirin has many other effects, such as reducing fever (antipyretic) and preventing blood platelet coagulation. Because of this anti-blood clotting action, it is widely used to prevent heart attacks. It does not make a person addictive as it is a non-narcotic drug.
Question 2. Which of the following statements are incorrect about receptor proteins?
(a) Majority of receptor proteins are embedded in the cell membranes.
(b) The active site of receptor proteins opens on the inside region of the cell.
(c) Chemical messengers are received at the binding sites of receptor proteins.
(d) Shape of receptor does not change during attachment of messenger.
Solution: (b, d) Receptor proteins are embedded in the cell membrane, and their active sites project outside the cell membrane. The shape of the receptor changes during the attachment of the messenger.
Question 3. Which of the following will not enhance the nutritional value of food?
(a) Minerals
(b) Artificial sweeteners
(c) Vitamins
(d) Amino acids
Solution: (b) Artificial sweeteners are non-caloric substitutes for sugar. They are often intensely more sweet than sugar but do not enhance the nutritional value of food. Vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients because they perform hundreds of roles in the body. Amino acids also enhance the nutritional value of food.
Question 4. What is the average molecular mass of drugs?
Solution: The average molecular mass of drugs is of the order of 100-500 u.
Question 5. Polyethyleneglycols are used in the preparation of which type of detergents?
(a) Cationic detergents
(b) Anionic detergents
(c) Non-ionic detergents
(d) Soaps
Solution: (c) Polyethyleneglycols are used in the preparation of non-ionic detergents.
Question 6. Which of the following chemical can be added for sweetening of food items at cooking temperature and does not provide calories?
(a) Sucrose
(b) Glucose
(c) Aspartame
(d) Sucralose
Solution: (d) Sucralose is an artificial sweetening agent that is 600 times sweeter than sucrose and does not provide calories.
Question 7. Salvarsan is an arsenic-containing drug that was first used for the treatment of
(a) syphilis
(b) typhoid
(c) meningitis
(d) dysentery
Solution: (a) Salvarsan is an arsenic-containing drug that was first used for the treatment of syphilis. Syphilis is an acute and chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is a sexually transmitted infection.
Question 8. Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills?
Solution: Tranquilizers are used in sleeping pills.
Question 9. Which of the following are antidepressants?
(a) Iproniazid
(b) Phenelzine
(c) Equanil
(d) Salvarsan
Solution: (a, b, c) Iproniazid is a hydrazine drug used as an antidepressant. Phenelzine is also known as Nardil and is used in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Equanil is used in controlling depression and hypertension. Salvarsan is an antibacterial drug used in the treatment of syphilis.
Question 10. Which site of an enzyme is called allosteric site?
Solution: Sites different from the active site of an enzyme where a molecule can bind and affect the active site are called allosteric sites. Some drugs may also bind at this site.
Question 11. Which of the following is not a target molecule for drug function in the body?
(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Lipids
(c) Vitamins
(d) Proteins
Solution: (c) Drugs usually interact with biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These are called drug targets. Vitamins are not a target molecule for drug function in the body.
Question 12. Which of the following statements are incorrect about penicillin?
(a) An antibacterial fungus.
(b) Ampicillin is its synthetic modification.
(c) It has bacteriostatic effect.
(d) It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic.
Solution: (c, d) Penicillin destroys bacteria by destroying the cell wall of the microorganism or killing the bacteria, so it has a bactericidal effect. Penicillin has a narrow or limited spectrum.
Question 13. Which type of drugs come under antimicrobial drugs?
Solution: Antiseptics, antibiotics, disinfectants, and sulpha drugs come under antimicrobial drugs.
Question 14. Which of the following statements are correct about barbiturates?
(a) Hypnotics or sleep-producing agents.
(b) These are tranquilizers.
(c) Non-narcotic analgesics.
(d) Pain-reducing without disturbing the nervous system.
Solution: (a, b) Barbiturates are tranquilizers used as hypnotics or sleep-inducing agents.
Question 15. What is the commonality between the antibiotic arsphenamine and azo dye?
Solution: The antibiotic, arsphenamine, possesses an -As=As- linkage that resembles -N=N- linkages in azo dyes.
Question 16. Which of the following statements are correct?
(a) Cationic detergents have germicidal properties.
(b) Bacteria can degrade detergents containing highly branched chains.
(c) Some synthetic detergents can give foam even in ice-cold water.
(d) Synthetic detergents are not soaps.
Solution: (a, c, d) Cationic detergents are quaternary ammonium salts of amines with acetates, chlorides, or bromides as anions. These detergents have germicidal properties. Bacteria cannot degrade detergents containing highly branched chains, so in most of the detergents used these days, the branching is kept to a minimum so that the detergents become easily biodegradable. Some synthetic detergents can give foam even in ice-cold water. Synthetic detergents are cleansing agents that have all the properties of soaps but do not contain any soap.
Question 17. Which of the following are sulpha drugs?
(a) Sulphapyridine
(b) Prontosil
(c) Salvarsan
(d) Nardil
Solution: (a, b) Sulphapyridine is a sulphonamide antibacterial drug. Prontosil is also called sulphamidochrysoidine. Salvarsan is an arsenic-based antibacterial drug. Nardil is an antidepressant drug.
Question 18. Glycerol is added to soap. It functions
(a) as a filler
(b) to increase lathering
(c) to prevent rapid drying
(d) to make soap granules
Solution: (c) Glycerol is added to shaving soap to prevent rapid drying. To enhance the lathering property of soap, a gum called rosin is added to them. It forms sodium rosinate which lathers well.
Question 19. Which of the following statements is not correct?
(a) Some antiseptics can be added to soaps.
(b) Dilute solutions of some disinfectants can be used as antiseptic.
(c) Disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs.
(d) Antiseptic medicines can be ingested.
Solution: (d) Antiseptics are applied to living tissues such as wounds, cuts, and diseased skin surfaces. Antiseptic medicines such as antibiotics cannot be ingested.
Question 20. What type of forces are involved in the binding of the substrate to the active site of the enzyme?
Solution: Ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals interaction, dipole-dipole interaction, etc., are involved in binding.
Question 21. Which of the following enhances the lathering property of soap?
(a) Sodium carbonate
(b) Sodium rosinate
(c) Sodium stearate
(d) Trisodium phosphate
Solution: (b) Shaving soaps contain glycerol to prevent rapid drying. A gum called rosin is added to these soaps, which forms sodium rosinate, which enhances the lathering property of soap.
Question 22. Which is the correct statement about birth control pills?
(a) Contain estrogen only
(b) Contain progesterone only
(c) Contain a mixture of estrogen and progesterone derivatives
(d) Progesterone enhances ovulation
Solution: (c) Birth control pills contain a mixture of estrogen and progesterone derivatives. Both of these are sex hormones. Progesterone suppresses ovulation, and estrogen controls the menstrual cycle.
Question 23. Which of the following is an example of liquid dishwashing detergent?
Solution: (b) Liquid dishwashing detergents are non-ionic detergents.
Question 24. Explain why sometimes foaming is seen in river water near the place where sewage water is poured after treatment?
Solution: Detergents (which are not biodegradable) persist in water even after sewage treatment and cause foaming in river water
Question 25. Aspirin is a pain-relieving antipyretic drug but can be used to prevent a heart attack. Explain.
Solution: Aspirin prevents platelet coagulation and thus has anti-blood clotting action, which can prevent blood clotting in the heart.
Question 26. What is a soft soap?
Solution: Soft soaps are potassium salts of fatty acids (such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid).
Question 27. Which of the following compounds are administered as antacids?
(a) Sodium carbonate
(b) Sodium hydrogen carbonate
(c) Aluminium carbonate
(d) Magnesium hydroxide
Solution: (b, d) Sodium hydrogen carbonate and magnesium hydroxide, both are mild alkalis, are used as antacids.
Question 28. Which of the following are not used as food preservatives?
(a) Table salt
(b) Sodium hydrogen carbonate
(c) Cane sugar
(d) Benzoic acid
Solution: (b, d) Table salt and cane sugar are used as food preservatives, while sodium hydrogen carbonate and benzoic acid are not used as food preservatives.
Question 29. A narrow-spectrum antibiotic is active against
(a) gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria
(b) gram-negative bacteria only
(c) single organism or one disease
(d) both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Solution: (a) A narrow-spectrum antibiotic is active against gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria.
Question 30. Which category of synthetic detergents is used in toothpaste?
Solution: Anionic detergents such as cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide are used in hair shampoos and hair conditioners.
Question 31. A gum rosin is added to soap to make it lather well. Bithional is added to soaps to impart antiseptic properties to soap. Equanil is
(a) artificial sweetener
(b) tranquilizer
(c) antihistamine
(d) antifertility drug
Solution: (b) Equanil is a tranquilizer used in controlling depression and hypertension.
Question 32. Which of the following statements are correct about barbiturates?
(a) Hypnotics or sleep-producing agents.
(b) These are tranquilizers.
(c) Non-narcotic analgesics.
(d) Pain-reducing without disturbing the nervous system.
Solution: (a, b) Barbiturates are tranquilizers used as hypnotics or sleep-inducing agents.
Question 33. What is the harmful effect of hyperacidity?
Solution: Hyperacidity in the intestine creates ulcers, gastric reflux, and oesophagitis.
Question 34. Explain why both antacids and antiallergic drugs are antihistamines, but they cannot replace each other.
Solution: Antihistamines are drugs that control allergy effects produced by histamines. Antacids are substances that neutralize gastric acidity. Antihistamines do not affect the secretion of acid in the stomach because both antiallergic and antacid drugs work on different receptors.
Question 35. Where are receptors located?
Solution: Receptors are embedded on the outer surface of the cell membrane.
Question 36. Which statement is correct?
(a) Some tranquilizers function by inhibiting the enzymes which catalyze the degradation of noradrenaline.
(b) Tranquilizers are narcotic drugs.
(c) Tranquilizers are chemical compounds that do not affect the message transfer from nerve to receptor.
(d) Tranquilizers are chemical compounds that can relieve pain and fever.
Solution: (a) Tranquilizers are neurologically active drugs. Some tranquilizers are antidepressants and function by inhibiting the enzymes that catalyze the degradation of noradrenaline. If the enzyme is inhibited, the neurotransmitter noradrenaline is slowly metabolized and can thus activate the receptor for longer periods, counteracting the effect of depression. Tranquilizers form an essential component of sleeping pills.
Question 37. Which of the following are sulpha drugs?
(a) Sulphapyridine
(b) Prontosil
(c) Salvarsan
(d) Nardil
Solution: (a, b) Sulphapyridine is a sulphonamide antibacterial drug. Prontosil is also called sulphamidochrysoidine. Salvarsan is an arsenic-based antibacterial drug. Nardil is an antidepressant drug.
Question 38. The most useful classification of drugs for medicinal chemists is
(a) on the basis of chemical structure
(b) on the basis of drug action
(c) on the basis of molecular targets
(d) on the basis of pharmacological effect
Solution: (c) The most useful classification of drugs for medicinal chemists is on the basis of molecular targets. Target molecules are usually biomolecules like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These drugs possess some common structural features and may have the same mechanism of action on a specific drug target.
Question 39. Compound which is added to soap to impart antiseptic properties is
(a) sodium laurylsulphate
(b) sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate
(c) rosin
(d) bithional
Solution: (d) All soaps are made by boiling fats or oils with suitable hydroxide. Variations are made by adding different raw materials. Sodium laurylsulphate and sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate are anionic detergents. A gum rosin is added to soap to make it lather well. Bithional is added to soaps to impart antiseptic properties to soap.
Question 40. Which of the following statements are correct?
(a) Cationic detergents have germicidal properties.
(b) Bacteria can degrade the detergents containing highly branched chains.
(c) Some synthetic detergents can give foam even in ice-cold water.
(d) Synthetic detergents are not soaps.
Solution: (a, c, d) Cationic detergents are quaternary ammonium salts of amines with acetates, chlorides, or bromides as anions. These detergents have germicidal properties. Bacteria cannot degrade detergents containing highly branched chains, so in most of the detergents used these days, the branching is kept to a minimum so that the detergents become easily biodegradable. Some synthetic detergents can give foam even in ice-cold water. Synthetic detergents are cleansing agents that have all the properties of soaps but do not contain any soap.
Question 41. Which of the following compounds are administered as antacids?
(a) Sodium carbonate
(b) Sodium hydrogen carbonate
(c) Aluminium carbonate
(d) Magnesium hydroxide
Solution: (b, d) Sodium hydrogen carbonate and magnesium hydroxide, both are mild alkalis, are used as antacids.
Question 42. Which of the following is not a target molecule for drug function in the body?
(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Lipids
(c) Vitamins
(d) Proteins
Solution: (c) Drugs usually interact with biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These are called drug targets. Vitamins are not a target molecule for drug function in the body.
Question 43. Which of the following statements are incorrect about enzyme inhibitors?
(a) Inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme.
(b) Prevent the binding of the substrate.
(c) Generally, a strong covalent bond is formed between an inhibitor and an enzyme.
(d) Inhibitors can be competitive or non-competitive.
Solution: (c) Inhibitors are chemical substances that tend to reduce the activity of a particular enzyme. Generally, a weak bond such as H-bonding, van der Waals interaction, etc., is formed between the enzyme and the inhibitor.
Question 44. A gum rosin is added to soap to make it lather well. Bithional is added to soaps to impart antiseptic properties to soap. Equanil is
(a) artificial sweetener
(b) tranquilizer
(c) antihistamine
(d) antifertility drug
Solution: (b) Equanil is a tranquilizer used in controlling depression and hypertension.
Question 45. Which of the following enhances the lathering property of soap?
(a) Sodium carbonate
(b) Sodium rosinate
(c) Sodium stearate
(d) Trisodium phosphate
Solution: (b) Shaving soaps contain glycerol to prevent rapid drying. A gum called rosin is added to these soaps, which forms sodium rosinate, which enhances the lathering property of soap.
Question 46. Salvarsan is an arsenic-containing drug that was first used for the treatment of
(a) syphilis
(b) typhoid
(c) meningitis
(d) dysentery
Solution: (a) Salvarsan is an arsenic-containing drug that was first used for the treatment of syphilis. Syphilis is an acute and chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is a sexually transmitted infection.
Question 47. Which statement is correct?
(a) Some tranquilizers function by inhibiting the enzymes which catalyze the degradation of noradrenaline.
(b) Tranquilizers are narcotic drugs.
(c) Tranquilizers are chemical compounds that do not affect the message transfer from nerve to receptor.
(d) Tranquilizers are chemical compounds that can relieve pain and fever.
Solution: (a) Tranquilizers are neurologically active drugs. Some tranquilizers are antidepressants and function by inhibiting the enzymes that catalyze the degradation of noradrenaline. If the enzyme is inhibited, the neurotransmitter noradrenaline is slowly metabolized and can thus activate the receptor for longer periods, counteracting the effect of depression. Tranquilizers form an essential component of sleeping pills.
Question 48. A narrow-spectrum antibiotic is active against
(a) gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria
(b) gram-negative bacteria only
(c) single organism or one disease
(d) both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Solution: (a) A narrow-spectrum antibiotic is active against gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria.
Question 49. The compound that causes general antidepressant action on the central nervous system belongs to the class of
(a) analgesics
(b) tranquilizers
(c) narcotic analgesics
(d) antihistamines
Solution: (b) The compound that causes general antidepressant action on the central nervous system belongs to the class of tranquilizers.
Question 50. Which of the following statements is not correct?
(a) Some antiseptics can be added to soaps.
(b) Dilute solutions of some disinfectants can be used as antiseptic.
(c) Disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs.
(d) Antiseptic medicines can be ingested.
Solution: (d) Antiseptics are applied to living tissues such as wounds, cuts, and diseased skin surfaces. Antiseptic medicines such as antibiotics cannot be ingested.
Also Check: Important Questions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life
FAQs on NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 16 – Chemistry in everyday life
What topics are covered in Chapter 16 - Chemistry in Everyday Life?
Chapter 16 covers various applications of chemistry in everyday life, including drugs and their classification, therapeutic action of different classes of drugs, chemicals in food, cleansing agents, and more.
What are some key types of drugs discussed in this chapter?
Key types of drugs discussed include analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, and more.
What is the importance of understanding molecular targets in medicinal chemistry?
Understanding molecular targets is crucial as it helps in designing drugs that can specifically interact with certain biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, thereby making the drugs more effective and reducing side effects.
How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants?
Antiseptics are applied to living tissues to prevent the growth of microorganisms, whereas disinfectants are used on non-living objects to kill microorganisms. Antiseptics are typically less potent than disinfectants.
Why is aspirin considered a non-narcotic analgesic?
Aspirin is considered a non-narcotic analgesic because it relieves pain without causing addiction or altering consciousness. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins, which cause pain and inflammation.
What are the uses of tranquilizers mentioned in this chapter?
Tranquilizers are used to treat mental health conditions like anxiety and depression. They function by acting on the central nervous system to produce a calming effect.
How do birth control pills work, according to the chapter?
Birth control pills work by containing a mixture of estrogen and progesterone derivatives. These hormones prevent ovulation, alter the uterine lining to prevent implantation, and thicken cervical mucus to block sperm entry.
What role do chemicals play in food preservation as per the chapter?
Chemicals like preservatives are added to food to prevent spoilage caused by microorganisms. Examples include table salt, sugar, and certain acids that inhibit microbial growth and prolong shelf life.
What are synthetic detergents and how are they different from soaps?
Synthetic detergents are cleansing agents that perform similar functions as soaps but do not contain soap. They are effective in hard water and are designed to have better foaming properties and biodegradability.
