Table of Contents
Overview of Respiration in Plants
Respiration involves breathing and cellular respiration. In animals energy is released in the presence of oxygen. Like animals, plants also require oxygen for respiration. For animals they have no special system to take oxygen from the environment.
Respiration is two types: anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration. In aerobic respiration energy is released from the food in the presence of oxygen, but in aerobic respiration energy is released without the oxygen. Glycolysis is a common step in anaerobic and aerobic respiration. In glycolysis glucose is broken down into puyruvate acid. Then there are two pathways for pyruvate acid. In case of anaerobic repiration pyruvate acid breaks into ethanol (yeast) or lactic acid (human muscle cells) and carbon dioxide. In case of aerobic repiration, pyruvate undergoes a citric acid cycle and ETS to release energy.
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11 Biology Chapter 14 Respiration in Plants Summary
Respiration is a fundamental process in plants that releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen. It is an enzymatically controlled catabolic process that occurs in every living cell of the plant. The process involves a step-wise oxidative breakdown of food substances, primarily glucose, to produce energy in the form of ATP
Important Topics of Respiration in Plants
Respiration is an amphibolic pathway, meaning it involves both catabolic (breakdown) and anabolic (synthesis) processes.
The respiratory substrates in plants are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. However, glucose is the most common respiratory substrate.
Respiration occurs in two stages: glycolysis (in the cytoplasm) and the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) along with the electron transport system (in the mitochondria).
Glycolysis is the first stage of respiration, where glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen.
Pyruvic acid then enters the mitochondria, where it undergoes oxidative decarboxylation to form acetyl CoA. This is an intermediate step between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) takes place in the mitochondrial matrix. It involves a series of reactions that further break down acetyl CoA, releasing carbon dioxide, hydrogen atoms, and electron.
The hydrogen atoms and electrons released during the citric acid cycle are passed through the electron transport system (ETS) located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This process, known as oxidative phosphorylation, generates most of the ATP produced during respiration.
The overall chemical equation for aerobic respiration is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (in the form of ATP)
The respiratory quotient (RQ) is the ratio of the volume of CO2 produced to the volume of O2 consumed during respiration. It varies depending on the respiratory substrat.
Plants can also undergo anaerobic respiration (fermentation) in the absence of oxygen. This process produces lactic acid or ethanol and CO2, but it is less efficient in terms of ATP production.
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