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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Topic- Post-fertilization: Structures and Events and all chapter Topics produced by qualified teachers according to NCERT (CBSE) book rules are available as a free PDF download. Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Topic- Post-fertilization: Structures and Events Questions with Solutions to assist you in revising the entire syllabus and achieving higher grades. Register to receive all exercise solutions through email.
Overview of Topic
In plants, fertilization occurs when the male and female gametes merge to form a new cell called a zygote, leading to seed formation. After fertilization, a sequence of events happens to turn this zygote into a seed. Let’s understand what happens after fertilization, focusing on endosperm and embryo formation.
What Happens After Fertilization? After fertilization, a series of changes occur to form a seed from an ovule and a fruit from an ovary.
Here’s what occurs after fertilization:
- Endosperm Development: Endosperm is a tissue found in seeds of flowering plants during seed development. It stores nutrients for the growing embryo, typically in the form of starch. Endosperm development can be classified into three types:
a. Nuclear endosperm formation: The primary nucleus divides repeatedly, forming free nuclei without cell walls.
b. Cellular endosperm formation: Cell walls form around the nuclei, creating cellular endosperm. This type is seen in coconut.
c. Helobial endosperm formation: An intermediate type between cellular and nuclear endosperm formation.
- Embryo Development: Embryo development, or embryogeny, is the growth and formation of the embryo from the zygote in flowering plants. The stages of embryo development are similar in both monocot and dicot plants.
- Dicot embryos have an embryonal axis and two cotyledons. The embryonal axis consists of:
- Epicotyl: Above the cotyledon level.
- Hypocotyl: Below the cotyledon level.
- Monocot embryos have one cotyledon, also called a scutellum in the grass family. The epicotyl contains the shoot apex and coleoptiles.
- Dicot embryos have an embryonal axis and two cotyledons. The embryonal axis consists of:
During seed maturation, the developing embryo may either use up the endosperm entirely or reserve it for seed germination.
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FAQs on NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants 2.4 Post Fertilization Structures And Events
What is pre fertilization and post-fertilization?
Pre fertilisation, fertilisation, and post fertilisation are the three steps of the development of successive zygote events and embryogenesis, respectively. All pre fertilisation sexual events, including gametogenesis and gamete transfer, are included in the term 'pre fertilisation events'.
What is the sequence of post-fertilization?
After conception, a fertilized egg travels through your fallopian tubes to your uterus. The fertilized egg (called an embryo) implants (attaches) into the wall of your uterus. This triggers the placenta to form. Your placenta begins producing and releasing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) into your blood and pee.
What are the 4 steps of fertilization?
The stages of fertilization can be divided into four processes: 1) sperm preparation, 2) sperm-egg recognition and binding, 3) sperm-egg fusion and 4) fusion of sperm and egg pronuclei and activation of the zygote.
How many types of pre fertilization are there?
Gametogenesis: It is the process of formation of gametes. In plants, the formation of male gametes is called Microsporogenesis and the formation of female gametes is called Megasporogenesis. Gamete transfer: The transfer of male gametes to female gametes is called gamete transfer.
