NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 5 Pastoralists in the Modern World

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 5 Pastoralists in the Modern world

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 5 Pastoralists in the Modern World is given below to download free in PDF format. Students can download the pdf of this chapter to get started with their preparation. NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 5, ‘Pastoralists in the Modern World,’ are prepared according to the CBSE syllabus.

Nomads are persons who do not live in one place and instead move from one location to another in order to make a life. In the current world, we still come across nomads and migratory societies that do not have fixed homes all over the world. There is a sort of nomad known as pastoral nomads who are cattle herders that wander around looking for pastures for their animals. Students can assess their level of preparation and knowledge of concepts by practicing the questions from Chapter 5 – Pastoralists in the Modern World.

More Resources for Class 9

• NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths
• NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science
• NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science
• NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English

A. The nomadic people had a cyclical movement between summer and winter because:

i) Climatic condition :Climatic conditions are primarily responsible for the movement of the nomadic people. In winter, when the high mountains are covered with snow they move towards low hills and with the onset of summer, they start their backward journey. The arrival and departure of monsoon also decides their movement. For example, the Gollas of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh move towards the coastal tracts during the dry season, and leave when the rain comes.

ii) Fodder :Fodder for the animals is another important factor which decides the movement of the nomads. The Gujjar Bakarwals migrate to low hills of the Shiwalik due to the availability of grazing grounds in the low hills.
iii) Food grains : The availability of food-grains in different regions is also an important factor which decides their migration. For example, the Dhangars get rice from Konkani peasants.

Impact on the environment of the continuous movement :

The continuous movement allowed the pastures to recover and this prevents their overuse.

ii)The flocks of nomads manure the field. So there is less use of chemical fertilizers.

2. Discuss why the colonial government in India brought in the following laws. In each case, explain how the law changed the lives of pastoralists:

a) Waste Land rules

b) Forest Acts

c) Criminal Tribes Act

d) Grazing Tax
A.

a) Waste Land rules

Impact on the lives of the pastoralists :

i)After the Act, the mobility of nomads was restricted.

ii)Under the Act the grazing land was given to big landlords. Due to this nomads grazing grounds shrank.

iii)Due to shrinking grazing grounds, the agricultural stock of the nomads declined and their trade and crafts were adversely affected.

b) Forest Acts

Impact on the lives of the pastoralists :
i)They were now prevented from entering many forests. So there was a reduction in their grazing grounds.

ii)After the laws, their movements were regulated.

iii)The permit system was introduced under which the timing of their entry and departure was specified.

iv)They were not allowed to overstay in the forests. If they overstayed, they were liable to fines.

c) Criminal Tribes Act

In 1871, the colonial government in India passed the Criminal Tribes Act. By this Act, many communities of craftsmen, traders and pastoralists were classified as Criminal Tribes. They were stated to be criminal by nature and birth.

i. Once this Act came into force, these communities were expected to live only in notified village settlements.

ii. They were not allowed to move out without a permit. The village police kept a continuous watch on them.
iii. This restricted their grazing grounds. Their agricultural stock declined, and their trades and crafts were adversely affected.
d) Grazing Tax

Impact on the lives of pastoralists :

i)As the tax had to be paid in cash so pastoralists started selling their animals.

ii)The heavy burden of taxes had an adverse impact on their economic status. Now most of the pastoralists started taking loans from the money lenders.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science: History

• Chapter 1 The French Revolution
• Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
• Chapter 3 Nazism and the Rise of Hitler
• Chapter 4 Forest Society and Colonialism
• Chapter 5 Pastoralists in the Modern World

3. Give reasons to explain why the Maasai community lost their grazing lands.

A. Maasai community lost their grazing lands because of the following reasons.

i) Colonialism :In the late nineteenth century, the European imperial powers scrambled for territorial possessions in Africa, slicing up the region into different colonies. In 1885.Maasai land was cut into half with an international boundary between British Kenya and German Tanganyika. Subsequently, the best grazing lands were gradually taken over for the White settlement and the Maasai were pushed into a small area in South Kenya and North Tanzania. The Maasai lost about 60 per cent of their pre-colonial lands. They were confined to an arid zone with uncertain rainfall, and poor pastures.
ii) Expansion of Cultivation :From the late nineteenth century, the British colonial government in East Africa also encouraged local peasant communities to expand cultivation. As cultivation expanded, pasture lands were turned into cultivated fields. In pre-colonial times, the Maasai pastoralists had dominated their agricultural neighbours, both economically and politically. By the end of colonial rule, the situation had reversed.

iii) Setting up of reserves : Large areas of grazing land were also turned into game reserves like the Maasai Mara and Samburu National Park in Kenya and Serengeti Park in Tanzania. Pastoralists were not allowed to enter these reserves; they could neither hunt animals nor graze their herds in these areas. Very often, these reserves were in areas that had traditionally been regular grazing grounds for the Maasai herds. The Serengeti National Park, for instance, was created over 14,760 km. of the Maasai grazing land.

iv) Deterioration of the quality of pastures :The loss of the finest grazing lands and water resources created pressure on the small area of land that the Maasai were confined within. Continuous grazing within a small area inevitably meant a deterioration of the quality of pastures. Fodder was always in short supply. Feeding the cattle became a persistent problem.

4. There are many similarities in the way in which the modern world forced changes in the lives of pastoral communities in India and East Africa. Write about any two examples of changes which were similar for Indian pastoralists and the Maasai herders.

A. i)In both countries pastoralists reduced the number of cattle in their herds since there were not enough pasture fields to feed large numbers.

ii)New pastures were found when movement to old grazing grounds become difficult.

iii)Many combined pastoral activity with other forms of income and thus adapted to changes in the modern world.

The following subjects are covered in NCERT solutions Class 9 India and the Contemporary World – II Chapter 5:

1. Pastoral Nomads and their Movements 

1.1 In the Mountains

1.2 Plateaus, Plains, and Deserts

2. Pastoral Life and Colonial Rule

2.1 How Did These Changes Affect Pastoralists’ Lives?

2.2 How Did Pastoralists React to the Changes?

3. Africa’s Pastoralism

3.1 What Happened to the Grazing Lands?

3.2 The Boundaries Have Been Strictly

3.3 When the Pastures Have Dried

India and the Contemporary World is a crucial text for Social Science students in Class 9. Apart from this chapter, the linked article contains the entire set of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science.

Also Read: NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History

FAQs: NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 5

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What are the advantages of using the NCERT Solutions for History Chapter 5 in Class 9?

Students are encouraged to use the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 5 to answer textbook questions so that they can complete their studies in one sitting. All of the solutions are written by subject matter experts in such a way that students may better understand the key ideas. When students use this resource on a regular basis, they will be able to analyze the kind of questions that may arise on final exams. Furthermore, the solutions assist students in completing the curriculum in time, allowing them to concentrate on revisions before the exam.

What will students learn about History in Chapter 5 of NCERT Solutions for Class 9?

The following are the subjects discussed in Chapter 5 of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History: Pastoral Nomads and their Movements a) Up in the Hills b) Plateaus, Plains, and Deserts Pastoral Life and Colonial Rule a) How Did These Changes Affect Pastoralists' Lives? b) How Did Pastoralists React to the Changes? Africa's Pastoralism a) What Happened to the Grazing Lands? b) The Borders Have Been Shut c) When the Pastures Have Dried