Table of Contents
What is Metabolic Disease?
Metabolic diseases are a group of diseases that affect the way the body uses energy. Metabolic diseases can cause problems with the way the body processes food, stores energy, or uses energy.
Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is a condition that results when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. The most common symptoms are weight loss, increased heart rate, and feeling warm and sweaty. Other symptoms can include anxiety, irritability, trouble sleeping, diarrhea, and muscle weakness.
Serious Symptoms that Might Indicate a Life-Threatening Condition
A life-threatening condition is a serious medical emergency that requires immediate attention. Some of the most common symptoms that might indicate a life-threatening condition include:
Severe chest pain.
Difficulty breathing.
Uncontrolled bleeding.
Sudden, severe headache.
Convulsions or seizures.
Unexplained fever.
Swelling or extreme tightness in the chest.
Slurred speech or inability to speak.
Inability to move any part of the body.
Loss of consciousness.
Causes and Effects of Earthquakes
There are many causes of earthquakes, including tectonic plate movement, volcanic activity, and landslides. Earthquakes can also be caused by human activity, such as mining or nuclear explosions.
The most common effect of an earthquake is damage to buildings and other infrastructure. Earthquakes can also cause loss of life, as well as fires and landslides.
Risk Factors
There are many different factors that can increase a person’s risk of developing cancer. Some of these risk factors are things that people can change, like smoking, while others are things that people cannot change, like age or family history.
Some of the most common risk factors for cancer include:
Smoking.
Being overweight or obese.
Eating a poor diet.
Lack of exercise.
Excessive alcohol consumption.
Exposure to cancer-causing agents, like asbestos and UV radiation.
Age.
Genetic factors.
Prevention of heart disease
There are a variety of ways that people can prevent heart disease, including eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and not smoking. Additionally, people can take measures to control their blood pressure and cholesterol levels, which are major risk factors for heart disease.
Fructose Metabolism and Metabolic Disease
The metabolism of fructose is unique in that it is the only sugar that is metabolized in the liver. Most of the other sugars, such as glucose and sucrose, are metabolized in the muscles and other tissues.
The metabolism of fructose in the liver results in the production of a number of compounds that are harmful to the liver, including lactic acid, glycerol, and free fatty acids. These harmful compounds can damage the liver and lead to a condition called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
NAFLD is a leading cause of liver disease in the United States.
Carbohydrate Metabolism
The body’s main source of energy is glucose, which is derived from the digestion of carbohydrate foods. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is then transported in the blood to the body’s cells. The cells use the glucose for energy or to make other molecules such as proteins and lipids.
There are two main types of carbohydrates: simple and complex. Simple carbohydrates are made of one or two sugar molecules and include sugars found in foods such as fruits and milk. Complex carbohydrates are made of three or more sugar molecules and include starch, which is found in foods such as bread, pasta, and potatoes.
The body can use both simple and complex carbohydrates for energy. However, complex carbohydrates are broken down more slowly than simple carbohydrates, so they provide a steadier source of energy.
Amino Acid Metabolism and Diseases
The catabolism of the amino acids produces intermediates that are used in the synthesis of other compounds in the body. The urea cycle is one such pathway that uses the intermediates to produce urea, which is then excreted in the urine.
The urea cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that convert the ammonia produced by the catabolism of the amino acids into urea. The urea cycle is important in the excretion of nitrogenous wastes from the body. The intermediates in the urea cycle are also used in the synthesis of other molecules in the body, including glucose, cholesterol, and other amino acids.
There are several diseases that can disrupt the urea cycle and lead to the accumulation of ammonia in the body. These diseases include:
Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency.
Arginase deficiency.
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase deficiency.
Citrullinemia.
Argininosuccinic aciduria.
Fat Metabolism
The body’s ability to break down and use food for energy is called metabolism. The three types of metabolism are basal metabolic rate, resting metabolic rate, and active metabolic rate.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the number of calories the body needs to maintain vital functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and digestion, at rest. It accounts for about 60 to 75% of the body’s daily energy needs.
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is the number of calories the body needs to maintain vital functions and perform light activity, such as walking, at rest. It accounts for about 10 to 15% of the body’s daily energy needs.
Active metabolic rate (AMR) is the number of calories the body needs to maintain vital functions and perform vigorous activity, such as running, at rest. It accounts for about 10 to 15% of the body’s daily energy needs.
The body’s ability to break down and use food for energy is called metabolism. The three types of metabolism are basal metabolic rate, resting metabolic rate, and active metabolic rate.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the number of calories the body needs to maintain vital functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and digestion, at rest. It accounts for about 60 to 75% of the body’s daily energy needs.
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is the number of calories the body needs to maintain vital functions and perform light activity,
Fructose Metabolism
The metabolism of fructose starts with the absorption of the molecule from the intestine into the blood stream. From there, fructose is transported to the liver, where it is metabolized. Fructose is converted into glucose and glycogen, which are stored in the liver. The liver can also convert fructose into fatty acids, which are then released into the blood stream.
Glucose Metabolism
Overview
The body breaks down food into glucose and other nutrients. Glucose is the main source of energy for the body’s cells. It is transported through the blood to the cells, where it is used for energy. The body also uses glucose to make glycogen, which is stored in the liver and muscles for later use.
In people with diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or the cells do not respond to insulin. Glucose builds up in the blood, leading to serious health problems.
There are several steps in the process of glucose metabolism.
Glucose is broken down in the liver and other organs into a usable form of energy.
This energy is used by the cells to carry out their functions.
The unused energy is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
Insulin is a hormone that helps the body to use glucose for energy.
In people with diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or the cells do not respond to insulin.
Glucose builds up in the blood, leading to serious health problems.
Types of Diabetes
There are three types of diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the body does not produce insulin.
Type 2 diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells do not respond to insulin.
Gestational diabetes is a
