Table of Contents
Parts and Function of Human Excretory System
The human excretory system is responsible for the elimination of waste products from the body. The system consists of the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder, and the urethra.
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located in the lower back. The kidneys filter blood, removing waste products and excess water. The waste products are then excreted in the urine, and the excess water is excreted as sweat.
The ureters are two thin tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder is a hollow organ that stores urine. When the bladder is full, the person feels the need to urinate. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
Human Excretory System
The human excretory system is responsible for removing waste products from the body. The system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Wastes are eliminated from the body through the urine.
Organs of the Excretory System
The organs of the excretory system are the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder, and the urethra. The kidneys are the primary organs of the excretory system. They are two bean-shaped organs that are located on either side of the spine in the lower back. The ureters are two tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder is a balloon-like organ that stores urine. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
Excretory System Organs
The excretory system organs include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located in the lower back. They remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood. The waste products and excess fluid are then excreted through the ureters and bladder. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
Explain in detail :
The three major types of muscles in the body are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Skeletal muscles are attached to the skeleton and are responsible for voluntary movement. Cardiac muscles are found in the heart and are responsible for pumping blood. Smooth muscles are found in the digestive and reproductive systems and are responsible for involuntary movement.
The kidney’s structure is described below:
The renal cortex is the outer layer of the kidney. The renal medulla is the inner layer of the kidney. The renal pelvis is the cavity in the center of the kidney. The renal pyramid is a cone-shaped structure that contains the renal cortex and medulla. The renal papilla is the small opening at the tip of the renal pyramid that leads to the renal pelvis. The renal artery and vein are the blood vessels that supply and drain the kidney.
Kidneys
are bean-shaped organs found on either side of the spine in the lower back. They filter blood and produce urine.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs found on either side of the spine in the lower back. They are responsible for filtering the blood and producing urine. The kidneys are also responsible for regulating blood pressure, producing red blood cells, and keeping the body’s chemical balance in check.
Capsule
The capsule is a small, dry, dehiscent fruit that is derived from a single carpel.
The capsule is a small, dry, dehiscent fruit that is derived from a single carpel. It is typically 2-5 cm long and 1-2 cm wide and splits open along two or more seams to release the seeds. Some capsules have a persistent calyx that remains attached to the fruit after it splits open.
Nephrons
The nephrons are the functional units of the kidney. Each nephron has a glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, and the renal tubule. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries that filters blood. The Bowman’s capsule is a cup-like structure that surrounds the glomerulus. The renal tubule is a long, coiled tube that carries filtered blood from the Bowman’s capsule to the renal pelvis. The renal pelvis is a funnel-like structure that collects urine from the renal tubules.
Henle’s loop
A renal tubule segment in the medulla of the kidney that is involved in the production of urine by reabsorbing water and ions from the filtrate and secreting hydrogen ions and ammonium ions.
Nephrons are of two types, namely
cortical and juxtamedullary.
The cortical nephrons are located in the cortex of the kidney while the juxtamedullary nephrons are located in the medulla of the kidney.
Ureter
Ureteroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat conditions of the ureter, the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.
The ureteroscope is a thin, telescope-like instrument that is inserted through the urethra and passed up into the bladder. Once in the bladder, the ureteroscope is used to view the ureter and identify the location and cause of any obstruction.
If an obstruction is found, the ureteroscope can be used to remove the obstruction, such as a calculus (stone). Ureteroscopy can also be used to place stents (tubing) in the ureter to help relieve an obstruction.
Urinary Bladder
The urinary bladder is a membranous sac that collects and stores urine until it can be expelled from the body. The bladder is located in the pelvic cavity, behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. The bladder is held in place by ligaments and muscles.
Urine is produced by the kidneys and flows through the ureters to the bladder. When the bladder is full, the sphincter muscles relax and the urine flows out of the bladder and through the urethra to the outside of the body.
The bladder can hold up to 400 ml of urine. When the bladder is empty, the sphincter muscles contract and the bladder wall becomes thicker.
Urethra
The urethra is a thin tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
The function of the Human Excretory System
The human excretory system eliminates waste products from the body. The system includes the kidneys, which filter wastes and excess water from the blood, and the bladder and urethra, which store and release urine.
Excretion Mechanism in Humans : Process of Urine formation
Urine formation is a complex process that begins with the filtration of blood plasma from the renal corpuscles in the nephrons of the kidney. Substances that are needed by the body and that are not dissolved in water (solutes) are filtered out of the blood and pass through the renal tubules to the bladder. The substances that are not needed by the body and that are dissolved in water (urine) are reabsorbed into the blood.
Glomerular Filtration
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of how much fluid is filtered from the blood by the kidneys each minute. A normal GFR is 90 to 120 ml/min.
The GFR can be estimated from the serum creatinine level.
Tubular Reabsorption
The tubular system is responsible for the reabsorption of water and electrolytes from the filtrate back into the blood. This is accomplished by the active transport of sodium and chloride ions across the cell membranes of the tubular cells.
The reabsorption of water is important in maintaining the correct concentration of solutes in the blood. If too much water is reabsorbed, the blood becomes too diluted and the cells will not be able to function properly. This condition is called hyponatremia. If too little water is reabsorbed, the blood becomes too concentrated and the cells will not be able to function properly. This condition is called hypernatremia.
Secretion
Secretion is the process of producing and releasing substances from cells. Cells produce and release substances in several ways: by diffusion, by active transport, and by secretion.
Diffusion is the process in which a substance moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Active transport is the process in which a cell uses energy to move a substance across a cell membrane.
Secretion is the process in which a cell uses energy to move a substance out of the cell.
Micturition
The micturition reflex, also known as the bladder reflex, is a reflex that controls the emptying of the bladder. The reflex is initiated by stretch receptors in the bladder wall that send a signal to the spinal cord. The signal is then sent to the brain, which sends a signal back to the bladder to empty.
Human Urine Excretion:
The average human excretes about 1.5 liters of urine per day.
Excretion
The kidneys and the urinary tract remove urea from the blood.
Dialysis
Dialysis is a medical treatment that uses a machine to filter wastes and excess fluid from the blood. Dialysis may be used for people who have kidney failure, or for people who are receiving treatments that can damage their kidneys, such as chemotherapy.
Important Information About the Human Excretory System
The human excretory system is responsible for the removal of waste products from the body. The system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys are the main organs of the system, and they filter waste products from the blood. The ureters carry the filtered waste products from the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder stores the waste products until they are eliminated through the urethra.
