Table of Contents
Introduction to Human Heart
The human heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. The heart is located in the middle of the chest, slightly left of center. The heart is about the size of a clenched fist and weighs between 10 and 12 ounces.
The heart is composed of four chambers: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle. The right and left atria are the upper chambers, and the right and left ventricles are the lower chambers. The heart has four valves: the tricuspid valve, the pulmonary valve, the mitral valve, and the aortic valve.
The heart is powered by its own muscle tissue, known as cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle is composed of special cells called cardiomyocytes. These cells are able to contract and pump blood throughout the body.
The heart receives blood from two sources: the right atrium and the left atrium. The right atrium receives blood from the body’s veins, and the left atrium receives blood from the lungs.
The heart pumps blood out of the heart and into the body’s arteries. The blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen. The blood is then pumped from the left ventricle to the rest of the body, where it delivers oxygen to the tissues.
The heart is a very important organ. It is responsible for
Walls of the Heart
The walls of the heart are muscle tissues that help to pump blood throughout the body. The heart is composed of four chambers: the two upper chambers are called the atria, and the two lower chambers are called the ventricles. The heart is divided into two parts by a muscle called the septum. The atria are the smaller chambers, and the ventricles are the larger chambers. The wall of the heart is made up of four layers: the epicardium, the myocardium, the endocardium, and the pericardium. The epicardium is the outermost layer, and the pericardium is the innermost layer. The myocardium is the thickest layer, and it is responsible for the contraction of the heart muscle. The endocardium is the layer that lines the inside of the heart chambers and the valves of the heart.
Aorta
The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. The aorta is divided into several sections, including the thoracic aorta, which carries blood to the chest and abdomen, and the abdominal aorta, which carries blood to the lower body. The aorta is a hollow tube that is made up of several layers of tissue. The inner layer is called the endothelium and it helps the aorta to expand and contract. The middle layer is called the muscle layer and it helps the aorta to move blood through the body. The outer layer is called the connective tissue layer and it helps to protect the aorta from damage.
Pulmonary Artery
The pulmonary artery is the main arterial blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs. It is a thick-walled, muscular tube that is about 2 to 3 centimeters in diameter.
Difference Between Aorta and Pulmonary Artery
The aorta is a large vein that carries carbon-dioxide rich blood from other parts of the body to the heart. The pulmonary artery is a large vein that carries oxygen rich blood from the heart to the lungs.
Functions of the Human Heart
The heart is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. The heart is divided into four chambers: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle. The right atrium receives blood from the body and the left atrium receives blood from the lungs. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs and the left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body.
Human Heart’s Electrical Conduction System
The human heart has an electrical conduction system that enables it to contract and pump blood throughout the body. This system is made up of cardiac muscle cells, or myocytes, that are interconnected by special junctions called intercalated discs. These discs allow the cells to communicate with each other, and they also contain gaps that allow electrical impulses to travel between the cells.
The electrical impulses that control the heart’s rhythm originate in a special group of cells in the right atrium called the sinoatrial node, or SA node. The SA node is responsible for generating the impulses that cause the heart to beat. The impulses travel from the SA node to the atrioventricular node, or AV node, which is located in the center of the heart. From the AV node, the impulses travel down to the ventricles, which cause them to contract and pump blood.
Commonly Known Heart Disorders
Atherosclerosis
Aortic aneurysm
Aortic stenosis
Atrial fibrillation
Bradycardia
Cardiomyopathy
Congestive heart failure
Coronary artery disease
Mitral stenosis
Mitral valve prolapse
Myocardial infarction
Pacemaker
Pericarditis
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary hypertension
Tachycardia
Valve replacement
