Table of Contents
Define Enzyme Cooperativity
Enzyme cooperativity is a phenomenon that occurs when the activity of an enzyme is influenced by the presence of other enzymes. The activity of an enzyme can be increased or decreased by the presence of other enzymes.
Cooperativity Enzymes
A cooperative enzyme is an enzyme that undergoes a conformational change when it binds to its substrate. This conformational change allows the enzyme to bind more substrate, which increases the reaction rate.
Negative Cooperativity
Negative cooperativity is a phenomenon that occurs when the binding of a ligand to a receptor site diminishes the number of available receptor sites. This decrease in the number of receptor sites results in a decrease in the ability of the ligand to bind to the receptor, a phenomenon known as ligand competition.
Cooperative Binding
Theory
Cooperative binding theory is a model that explains how proteins interact with other proteins and DNA to form a functional unit. The theory states that proteins interact with each other in a cooperative manner, meaning that they work together to bind to DNA and other proteins. This interaction allows the proteins to form a complex that can carry out the function of the gene.
Homotropic Cooperativity
Homotropic cooperativity is a type of mutual cooperativity exhibited by proteins that bind to the same ligand. In homotropic cooperativity, the proteins bind to the ligand with increasing affinity as the ligand concentration increases. This type of cooperativity is thought to be due to allosteric interactions between the proteins that bind to the ligand.
Subunit Cooperativity
In biochemistry, subunit cooperativity is the tendency of enzymes that are composed of multiple subunits to bind their substrate cooperatively. This results in an increased affinity of the enzyme for its substrate, and often an increase in the enzyme’s catalytic activity. The mechanism by which this occurs is not well understood, but it is thought that the binding of one subunit stabilizes the conformation of the enzyme that is bound to the substrate, making it easier for other subunits to bind.
