Table of Contents
Gibberellins In Plants: Definition & Function
Gibberellins are a class of plant hormones that are responsible for the elongation of stems and the breaking of seed dormancy. They are produced in the shoot apex and are transported down the plant stem to the rest of the plant. Gibberellins are essential for normal plant growth and development.
History
The history of the United States is vast and complex, but can be broadly broken down into ten main periods:
1. Pre-Columbian America (before 1492)
2. European Exploration and Settlement (1492-1763)
3. The American Revolution (1763-1783)
4. The Early Republic (1783-1815)
5. The Era of Expansion (1815-1861)
6. The Civil War (1861-1865)
7. Reconstruction (1865-1877)
8. The Gilded Age (1877-1900)
9. The Progressive Era (1900-1916)
10. The Great War and Beyond (1916-present)
Chemistry
The study of chemistry is the study of the composition, properties, and behavior of matter. Chemistry is the study of everything in the world around us. It is the study of how atoms and molecules interact with each other to create the substances that make up everything in the world. Chemistry is a physical science that is sometimes called the “central science” because it ties together the other physical sciences, such as physics and Earth science.
Bioactive of Gasoline
Gasoline is a fuel that is used in internal combustion engines. It is composed of a mixture of hydrocarbons that are derived from crude oil. The most common type of gasoline is unleaded gasoline, which is composed of hydrocarbons that have been refined to remove sulfur and other impurities.
Gasoline is a bioactive compound because it is composed of hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons are composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and they are capable of reacting with other compounds to form new compounds.
Metabolism
is the sum of all the chemical processes that occur in an organism. Enzymes are the proteins that catalyze these chemical reactions. Metabolic pathways are the sequences of enzymatic reactions that occur in cells to produce the molecules that the cell needs to survive.
The most important metabolic pathway is the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle. This cycle is responsible for the production of energy in cells. The other important metabolic pathways are the pathways that produce the molecules needed for DNA replication, protein synthesis, and other essential cellular processes.
Sites of Biosynthesis
The sites of biosynthesis for proteins, DNA, and RNA are all within the cells of the organism. Proteins are synthesized within the ribosomes of the cell, DNA is synthesized within the nucleus of the cell, and RNA is synthesized within the nucleus and the ribosomes of the cell.
Differences between Biosynthesis in Fungi and Lower Plants:
Biosynthesis in fungi and lower plants is the process by which these organisms create new molecules from simpler starting materials. However, there are several key differences between biosynthesis in these two groups of organisms.
Firstly, the biosynthesis pathways used by fungi and lower plants are often very different. Fungi typically use a variety of pathways that include both direct and indirect methods of creating new molecules, while lower plants typically rely on a single, direct pathway to biosynthesis.
Secondly, the enzymes involved in biosynthesis are also often different in fungi and lower plants. Fungi typically use a wider variety of enzymes than lower plants, which often have simpler enzyme systems.
Lastly, the overall regulation of biosynthesis is often different in fungi and lower plants. Fungi are able to more tightly control the biosynthesis process, while lower plants typically have less control over the biosynthesis of new molecules.
Catabolism
The breaking down of organic matter by enzymes, usually to release energy.
Homeostasis
in the Body
The body has many systems that work together to maintain equilibrium or balance, known as homeostasis. The nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system are all important in maintaining homeostasis.
The nervous system is responsible for detecting and responding to changes in the internal and external environment. The endocrine system secretes hormones that help to maintain equilibrium by regulating the body’s metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The immune system defends the body against infection and disease.
Regulation by Other Hormones
The hypothalamus also regulates the release of other hormones, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and growth hormone (GH).
TSH is released by the pituitary gland in response to a signal from the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus monitors blood levels of thyroid hormones and releases TSH when levels are too low. TSH then signals the thyroid gland to release more thyroid hormones.
GH is a hormone that stimulates the growth of bones and muscles. The hypothalamus regulates GH secretion by releasing growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHDIH).
Role in Seed Development
The endosperm is responsible for providing the embryo with energy and nutrients for the early stages of seed development.
Applications of Gibberellins:
1. To induce flowering in plants that have not yet flowered.
2. To stimulate the growth of seedlings.
3. To promote the growth of fruiting plants.
4. To increase the size of fruits and vegetables.
5. To delay the senescence of flowers and fruits.
6. To increase the yield of crops.
