Table of Contents
Introduction to Organ Biology; Structural Organisation of Different Organs and Organ Systems;
Function of Different Organs
The human body is made up of many different organs that work together to keep us alive. Each organ has a specific structural organisation and a specific function.
The organ system that is responsible for getting food and oxygen to all of the other organs is the cardiovascular system. The heart is the centre of the cardiovascular system and it pumps blood around the body. The blood is a type of fluid that contains oxygen and nutrients, which are essential for the survival of the organs.
The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food and extracting the nutrients from it. The nutrients are then transported to the other organs by the blood.
The respiratory system is responsible for bringing oxygen into the body and getting rid of carbon dioxide. The oxygen is transported to the organs by the blood, and the carbon dioxide is expelled from the body in the form of carbon dioxide gas.
The urinary system is responsible for getting rid of waste products from the body. The waste products are transported to the kidneys by the blood, and the kidneys excrete them in the form of urine.
The reproductive system is responsible for the reproduction of the species. The male and female reproductive organs produce and release eggs and sperm, which unite to create a new organism.
What are Different Organ Systems Made up of?
Different organ systems are made up of different types of tissues. The tissues can be divided into two categories: epithelial tissues and connective tissues.
Epithelial tissues are thin, sheet-like tissues that line the surfaces of organs and body cavities. They are made up of cells that are closely packed together and have very thin cell membranes. Epithelial tissues are important for protecting organs and tissues from damage and infection.
Connective tissues are strong, fibrous tissues that support and connect other tissues and organs in the body. Connective tissues are made up of cells called fibroblasts, which produce the strong, fibrous proteins that make up the tissue. Connective tissues also contain a lot of collagen, a protein that gives the tissue its strength.
Origin and Evolution of the Organs
The organs in animals evolved from a common ancestor that had a simple body plan with a gut, nerve cord, and muscles. The earliest organs probably evolved to help with feeding, movement, and reproduction. Over time, different organs evolved to specialize in different tasks. For example, the heart evolved to pump blood throughout the body, and the liver evolved to detoxify the blood.
Tissue Systems
The human body contains many different types of tissues. Each type of tissue has a specific function in the body.
There are four basic types of tissue in the body:
1. Epithelial tissue: This type of tissue lines the body’s surfaces and covers its organs. Epithelial tissue protects the body from infection and helps to regulate the body’s fluid balance.
2. Connective tissue: This type of tissue supports and connects the body’s organs and tissues. Connective tissue also helps to protect the body from injury.
3. Muscular tissue: This type of tissue enables the body to move. Muscular tissue is made up of contractile cells that can shorten and cause movement.
4. Nervous tissue: This type of tissue transmits electrical signals throughout the body. Nervous tissue enables the body to respond to its environment and to control its movements.
Organ Systems
The body’s organs systems work together to keep the body alive and functioning. The organ systems include the cardiovascular system, the digestive system, the endocrine system, the immune system, the integumentary system, the nervous system, the reproductive system, and the respiratory system.
