Table of Contents
What are Boranes?
Borane – Explanation: Boranes are a family of molecules that contain the element boron. They are very reactive, and can be used to form new bonds with other molecules.
More about Borane
Borane is a colorless gas with a pungent odor. It is sparingly soluble in water and is toxic. Borane is used as a Lewis acid and is used to form adducts with electron-rich molecules. It is also used as a dehydrating agent.
Boron Hydride
Boron hydride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula BH 3 . It is a colorless gas with a pungent odor. Boron hydride is a dangerous chemical and should be handled with caution.
History of Borane
The history of Borane is a little murky, as it is a fairly new discovery. It was first synthesized in 1885 by August Kekulé, but it was not studied in any detail until the early 1900s. In the early days, it was used as a fuel additive to increase the octane rating of gasoline. It was also used as a bleaching agent in the textile industry. In the 1970s, it was discovered that Borane could be used as a Lewis acid catalyst in organic synthesis. This has led to its current use in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.
Borane Structure and Borane Formula
The borane molecule has a trigonal bipyramidal structure. The borane formula is BH 3 .
Structure of Borane
The structure of borane is shown in the image on the right. The borane molecule consists of a boron atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms.
Bonding in Borane
The bonding in borane can be described as involving sp2 hybridization of the boron atom. This results in the formation of a trigonal planar molecular geometry. The boron atom is surrounded by three hydrogen atoms in a triangular arrangement.
Molecular Orbital Approach
In the molecular orbital approach, the bonding and antibonding orbitals are determined by the overlap of the atomic orbitals. The number of atomic orbitals that combine to form a molecular orbital is called the “coefficient of combination.”
The following diagram shows the formation of a bonding molecular orbital and an antibonding molecular orbital.
- The bonding molecular orbital is formed when the two atomic orbitals overlap in a head-to-head fashion. The antibonding molecular orbital is formed when the two atomic orbitals overlap in a head-to-tail fashion.
- The following table shows the coefficients of combination for the bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals.
- Bonding Molecular Orbital Antibonding Molecular Orbital Head-to-head 2 Head-to-tail 0
- The bonding molecular orbital is formed when the two atomic orbitals overlap in a head-to-head fashion. The antibonding molecular orbital is formed when the two atomic orbitals overlap in a head-to-tail fashion.
Reactions of Borane and Higher Borane Derivatives
- The reactions of borane and higher borane derivatives are generally classified into two types: substitution reactions and elimination reactions.
- Substitution reactions involve the replacement of one borane molecule with another molecule. The most common substitution reaction is the substitution of a borane molecule with a hydrogen atom. This reaction is known as hydroboration.
- Elimination reactions involve the removal of one or more borane molecules from a molecule. The most common elimination reaction is the elimination of a borane molecule with a hydrogen atom. This reaction is known as borane elimination.
Applications of Borane
Borane is used for a variety of purposes, most notably as a Lewis acid. It is also used as a reducing agent, and as a dehydrating agent.
sp3 Hybridization with siRNA
- The siRNA duplexes were designed to target the mRNA sequence of human SREBP-3 (GenBank accession number NM_002701.2). The siRNA duplexes were synthesized by Dharmacon (Lafayette, CO) and annealed as described previously (Dumas et al., 2002). The siRNA duplexes were diluted to a concentration of 100 nM in hybridization buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM EDTA, 0.1% SDS) and stored at −20°C.
- HeLa cells were seeded in 6-well plates at a density of 2 × 106 cells per well and allowed to attach overnight. The cells were then washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and incubated with 100 nM of siRNA duplexes for 4 h at 37°C. The cells were then washed twice with PBS and incubated with DMEM containing 10% fetal calf serum for 24 h.
- The cells were then lysed with lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 1% Triton X-100, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS) and protein concentrations were determined using the Bio-Rad protein assay kit. Equal amounts of protein (20 μg) were resolved by
Structure and Formula of Borane
The structure of Borane is shown in the diagram below.
The Borane molecule is composed of a Boron atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms.
Bonding
Bonding is the process of developing a relationship with a baby. Bonding is important for both the baby and the parents. It helps the baby learn to trust and feel safe with the parents, and it helps the parents to understand and care for the baby.
There are many ways to bond with a baby. Some parents spend time talking, singing, and playing with their baby. Others may choose to breastfeed or use formula to feed their baby. Some parents spend time just holding and cuddling their baby. It is important for parents to find what works best for them and to do what they can to bond with their baby.
Reactions of Borane
When borane gas is mixed with hydrogen gas, a vigorous explosion can result. Borane is a powerful reducing agent that can reduce even the most stubborn of compounds.
Properties of Borane
The borane molecule has a trigonal planar geometry. It is a colorless, poisonous gas with a pungent odor. It is soluble in organic solvents, but insoluble in water. Borane is a Lewis acid, and it reacts with Lewis bases to form adducts.
