Table of Contents
Colloids ; Classification of Colloid
A colloid is a mixture in which one substance, the dispersed phase, is finely divided into small particles that are dispersed throughout another substance, the continuous phase. The dispersed phase can be a solid, liquid, or gas. The continuous phase can be a liquid, gas, or solid.
There are three main classifications of colloids:
1. Suspensions: In suspensions, the dispersed phase is a solid. The continuous phase is a liquid. The solid particles are suspended in the liquid.
2. Emulsions: In emulsions, the dispersed phase is a liquid. The continuous phase is a liquid. The liquid particles are dispersed in another liquid.
3. Sols: In sols, the dispersed phase is a gas. The continuous phase is a solid. The gas particles are dispersed in the solid.
Multimolecular Colloids
Multimolecular colloids are aggregates of particles that are held together by weak forces. These particles can be either organic or inorganic. The weak forces that hold the particles together are called van der Waals forces. Van der Waals forces are caused by the attraction between the positively charged nuclei of the particles and the negatively charged electrons that surround them.
Multimolecular colloids are held together by van der Waals forces
Multimolecular colloids are usually either suspensions or emulsions. A suspension is a colloid in which the particles are larger than the wavelength of visible light. An emulsion is a colloid in which the particles are smaller than the wavelength of visible light.
Multimolecular colloids are used in many different applications. One common application is in paints and coatings. The particles in paints and coatings are usually in the form of a suspension. This allows the paint or coating to cover a surface in a thin layer.
Macromolecular Colloids
Macromolecular colloids are composed of large molecules, or macromolecules, that are dispersed in a liquid. The macromolecules can be proteins, carbohydrates, or DNA. The dispersed particles are so small that they cannot be seen with a naked eye. However, they can be seen with a microscope.
The dispersed particles in a macromolecular colloid are held together by forces called electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds. These forces hold the particles together in a network that is called a colloid. The network of particles is called a colloid because it looks like a thick gel.
The properties of a macromolecular colloid depend on the type of macromolecules that are dispersed in the liquid. Proteins, for example, can form a colloid that is thick and sticky. Carbohydrates can form a colloid that is thin and watery. DNA can form a colloid that is thick and slimy.
One of the most common applications of macromolecular colloids is in the production of ice cream. The dispersed particles in the ice cream are proteins, which form a thick and sticky colloid. This thick and sticky colloid helps to keep the ice cream from melting too quickly.
Associated Colloids
Associated colloids are a type of colloid that are composed of two or more substances that are not soluble in each other. These substances are held together by forces that are not chemical, but are instead physical in nature. This type of colloid is often found in nature, where it is used to stabilize emulsions.
Methods of Preparation of the Invention
The invention may be prepared by methods known in the art. In one embodiment, the invention is a composition comprising a compound of Formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The invention may also be a method of treating a patient in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I.
The invention may also be a method of preparing a compound of Formula I, the method comprising:
1) providing a compound of Formula II:
2) reacting the compound of Formula II with a reducing agent to form a compound of Formula III:
3) reacting the compound of Formula III with a halogenating agent to form a compound of Formula IV:
4) reacting the compound of Formula IV with a base to form a compound of Formula V:
5) reacting the compound of Formula V with an acylating agent to form a compound of Formula VI:
6) reacting the compound of Formula VI with an amine to form a compound of Formula VII:
7) reacting the compound of Formula VII with an acid to form a compound of Formula I:
The following examples are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLE 1
Preparation of Compound of Formula I
To a stirred solution of 2-amino-5-chloro-pyrimidine
Stabilisation of Colloids
The colloids are stabilized by the addition of the polymer. The polymer coats the colloid particles and prevents them from coming together. This prevents the formation of larger particles that would be less stable.
Application of Colloids
The most common application of colloids is in the form of suspensions. Suspensions are fluids that contain small particles that are not dissolved in the liquid. These small particles are called colloids. Suspensions are used in a variety of applications, including:
Foods: Suspensions are used in many foods, including milk, ice cream, and cake frosting.
Suspensions are used in many foods, including milk, ice cream, and cake frosting. Pharmaceuticals: Suspensions are used in many pharmaceuticals, including eye drops and nasal sprays.
Suspensions are used in many pharmaceuticals, including eye drops and nasal sprays. Cosmetics: Suspensions are used in many cosmetics, including mascara and foundation.
Suspensions are used in many cosmetics, including mascara and foundation. Paints: Suspensions are used in many paints, including house paints and automobile paints.
Suspensions are used in many paints, including house paints and automobile paints. Ink: Suspensions are used in many inks, including ballpoint pen ink and printer ink.
Suspensions are used in many inks, including ballpoint pen ink and printer ink. Agriculture: Suspensions are used in many agricultural products, including fertilizers and pesticides.
Colloid Elimination
The kidneys are responsible for filtering the blood and removing waste products, including toxins. One such toxin is a type of protein called a colloid. A colloid is a large molecule that is too large to be eliminated through the kidneys. When the liver is not functioning properly, the colloids accumulate in the blood, leading to a condition called jaundice. Jaundice is a yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes caused by an accumulation of bilirubin, a by-product of the breakdown of red blood cells.
What are the Methods to Purify Colloids?
There are a few methods to purify colloids. One common way is to use a filter. This can remove large particles from the colloid. Another way is to use a centrifuge. This can separate the colloid from any other material in it.
Examples of Colloids Chemistry
Examples of colloids in chemistry include solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures in which one substance is dissolved in another. Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures in which one substance is dispersed in another. Emulsions are heterogeneous mixtures in which two substances are dispersed in each other.
What are the Characteristics of Colloid Solutions?
A colloid solution is a heterogeneous mixture in which one substance, the dispersed phase, is present in a much greater concentration than the other substance, the dispersion medium. The dispersed phase is usually a solid, liquid, or gas and the dispersion medium is usually a liquid. Colloid solutions are also called colloidal dispersions.
