Table of Contents
What is Displacement Reaction?
Displacement Reactions – Definition: A displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which an atom or molecule is replaced by another atom or molecule. In a displacement reaction, an atom or molecule is displaced from its normal position in a molecule or crystal lattice.
Displacement Reaction Definition
A displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which an atom or molecule is replaced by another atom or molecule. In a displacement reaction, an electron is transferred from one atom or molecule to another.
What is Single Displacement Reaction?
A single displacement reaction is a type of reaction where one element displaces another element from a compound. In most cases, this type of reaction produces two new compounds. In order for a single displacement reaction to take place, the elements involved must have different reactivities.
What is Reactivity Series?
Reactivity series is the order in which metals react with water. The most reactive metals will react with water to produce hydrogen gas and a salt. The least reactive metals will not react with water.
Types of Chemical Reaction
There are four types of chemical reaction: synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, and double replacement.
- Synthesis reactions are reactions in which two or more substances combine to form a new, more complex substance.
- Decomposition reactions are reactions in which a complex molecule breaks down into simpler molecules.
- Single replacement reactions are reactions in which a single atom or molecule is exchanged for another atom or molecule in a chemical compound.
- Double replacement reactions are reactions in which two molecules exchange atoms to form two new molecules.
Replacement Reactions
- Replacement reactions involve the replacement of one atom or group of atoms in a molecule with another atom or group of atoms. The most common replacement reactions are substitution reactions and elimination reactions.
- Substitution reactions involve the replacement of one atom in a molecule with another atom. The most common substitution reactions are substitution of halogens for hydrogen atoms and substitution of alkyl groups for hydrogen atoms.
- Elimination reactions involve the replacement of one atom or group of atoms in a molecule with another atom or group of atoms. The most common elimination reactions are elimination of water from alcohols and elimination of hydrogen atoms from alkynes.
Combustion Reactions
The reactants of combustion are fuel and oxygen. The products are heat, water vapor, and carbon dioxide.
The reaction is:
fuel + oxygen → heat + water vapor + carbon dioxide
For example, the combustion of methane is:
CH 4 + 2O 2 → CO 2 + 2H 2 O
Uses of Displacement Reaction
A displacement reaction is used to produce a new chemical compound by displacing one atom or molecule from a molecule of another compound.
Examples of Single Displacement Reaction
1. NaCl + H2O → NaOH + HCl
2. NH3 + H2O → NH4OH
3. Zn(OH)2 → ZnO + H2O
4. HClO → HCl + O2
Examples of Double Displacement Reaction
1. NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)
2. BaCl2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) → BaSO4 (s) + 2NaCl (aq)
Reactivity Series of Metals is given Below
Reactivity Series of Metals
1. Lithium
2. Sodium
3. Potassium
4. Rubidium
5. Cesium
6. Barium
7. Strontium
8. Calcium
9. Magnesium
10. Aluminum
11. Silicon
12. Phosphorus
13. Sulfur
14. Chlorine
15. Argon
16. Carbon
17. Nitrogen
18. Oxygen
19. Fluorine
20. Neon
Examples of Displacement Reactions
The displacement reaction of magnesium and hydrochloric acid produces magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.
Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
Examples of Double Displacement Reaction
1. Sodium chloride (salt) and water
2. Magnesium chloride (salt) and water
3. Calcium chloride (salt) and water
Applications of Displacement Reactions
The displacement reaction between zinc and copper(II) sulfate is used to extract copper from its ore, copper(II) oxide. The copper(II) oxide is mixed with water and sulfuric acid to produce a copper(II) sulfate solution. Zinc is then added to the solution, displacing the copper(II) sulfate. The copper(II) sulfate is then filtered from the solution and the copper is recovered.
