Table of Contents
Electronic Configuration and Octet Rule
Electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons in an atom. The octet rule states that atoms tend to form molecules in which each atom has eight electrons in its outer shell.
Pauli’s Exclusion Principle
The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two particles in a system can be in the same state. This principle is based on the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which states that you cannot know both the position and momentum of a particle at the same time. The principle is named for Wolfgang Pauli.
Hund’s Rule
Hund’s Rule states that the maximum number of orbitals filled in a given subshell is two. The rule is named after Wolfgang Pauli who proposed it in 1925. The rule is based on the Aufbau principle, which states that electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy. The rule is important in determining the electron configuration of an atom.
The rule is applicable to the s and p subshells. In the s subshell, the maximum number of orbitals that can be filled is two, since there are only two possible orbitals in the subshell. In the p subshell, the maximum number of orbitals that can be filled is four, since there are four possible orbitals in the subshell.
Aufbau’s Principle
Aufbau’s principle, also known as the building principle, states that the electrons in an atom occupy the lowest possible energy levels. This principle is based on the Bohr model of the atom, which states that the electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed energy levels. The aufbau principle ensures that the atom remains stable by filling the lowest energy levels first.
The Different Rules on the Electronic Configuration of Group 15 Elements
The electronic configuration of Group 15 elements is different in the gas phase and in a solid state.
In the gas phase, the Group 15 elements have a valence electron configuration of ns2np3.
In a solid state, the Group 15 elements have a valence electron configuration of np3.
