Table of Contents
Introduction of Enthalpy of Neutralization
When an acid and a base react, they produce water and a salt. The heat energy released in this process is called the enthalpy of neutralization. The enthalpy of neutralization can be measured by bombarding the reactants with neutrons in a nuclear reactor. The amount of heat released in the reaction can be calculated by measuring the change in temperature of the reactor.
Neutralization Enthalpy of Strong Base and Strong Acid
The neutralization enthalpy is the energy released when a strong acid and a strong base react to form water and salt. The energy is released in the form of heat, and the greater the number of moles of acid and base, the greater the amount of heat released. The neutralization enthalpy is also known as the heat of neutralization.
What is Standard Enthalpy Change?
Standard enthalpy change (ΔH) is the enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is formed from its elements in their most stable state at 1 atm pressure and standard temperature (25 °C). The standard enthalpy change of a reaction is the sum of the standard enthalpy changes of the individual reactions
Neutralization Reaction
A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water. In the reaction, an acid and a base exchange protons to form a salt and water.
Why do Strong Acids that React with Strong Alkalis Produce Similar Values?
The reaction between a strong acid and a strong alkali produces a neutralization reaction in which water and a salt are formed. In this type of reaction, the acid and alkali are both fully dissociated into their component ions. The similarity in the values of the pH and pOH values is a result of the fact that these two measures are both based on the concentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in a solution.
Experiment to understand the Enthalpy of Neutralization of Strong Acid and Strong Base
In this experiment, the enthalpy of neutralization of a strong acid (HCl) and a strong base (NaOH) will be determined. The reaction between HCl and NaOH will produce water and sodium chloride (NaCl). The heat released or absorbed in this reaction can be used to determine the enthalpy of neutralization.
The experiment will be performed by measuring the temperature change of a solution of HCl and NaOH before and after the reaction has occurred. The enthalpy of neutralization can be calculated using the following equation:
ΔH = (molar mass of water) x (enthalpy of fusion of water)
The experiment was performed using a solution of HCl and NaOH with a concentration of 1.0 M. The results are summarized in the table below.
The enthalpy of neutralization was calculated to be -57.2 kJ/mol.
Precautions to be taken while Performing the Experiment for Neutralization Reaction
1. Precautions to be taken while handling acids and bases:
-Acids and bases are corrosive and can cause severe burns.
-Acids and bases should be handled with caution in a well-ventilated area.
-Acids and bases should never be ingested or inhaled.
-Acids and bases should be stored in a safe place, away from children and pets.
2. Precautions to be taken while performing the neutralization reaction:
-The neutralization reaction should always be performed in a fume hood.
-The reaction should be performed slowly, with constant stirring.
-The reaction should be performed in a plastic or glass container.
-The reaction should be performed in a safe place, away from children and pets.
