Table of Contents
Introduction to Non-Metals
Non-metals are elements that do not have the properties of metals. They are usually found as gases, liquids, or brittle solids. They are poor conductors of electricity and heat, and are usually not shiny. Non-metals react with other elements to form compounds.
Properties of Non-Metals
- Non-metals are elements that are not metals.
- They are located on the right side of the periodic table, and they are typically poor conductors of electricity and heat.
- They are also generally poor in terms of metallic properties, such as being lustrous and ductile.
- Some examples of non-metals include oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur.
Periodic Table Metals and Nonmetals
Metals are found on the left side of the periodic table, and nonmetals are found on the right side of the table.
- Metals and nonmetals are elements that are found on the periodic table. Metals are shiny, solid elements that are usually good conductors of electricity and heat. Nonmetals are dull, brittle elements that are usually poor conductors of electricity and heat.
- Metals are found on the left side of the periodic table, and nonmetals are found on the right side of the table. The metals are: aluminum, iron, magnesium, mercury, nickel, potassium, sodium, and zinc. The nonmetals are: carbon, chlorine, fluorine, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
- Metals are usually used to make things that are strong and durable, such as cars, bridges, and buildings. Nonmetals are usually used to make things that are fragile and combustible, such as plastics and explosives.
- Metals are usually found in nature in their pure form, but nonmetals are usually found in nature combined with other elements. For example, carbon is found in coal and diamonds, chlorine is found in salt water, and nitrogen is found in the air.
- Metals are good conductors of electricity and heat because their atoms are arranged in a way that allows electrons to flow freely between them. Nonmetals are poor conductors of electricity and heat because their atoms are arranged in a way that does not allow electrons to flow freely between them.
Lustrous Non-Metal
- Some examples of lustrous non-metals are carbon, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium.
- A non-metal is a chemical element that is not a metal. The most abundant non-metals on Earth are hydrogen and helium. Non-metals are found in the Earth’s crust and in the atmosphere.
- There are many different types of non-metals. Non-metals can be divided into two categories: inert gases and halogens. Inert gases are gases that do not react with other elements. Halogens are elements that react with other elements to form compounds.
- Non-metals have many different properties. Some non-metals are solid at room temperature, while others are gases. Non-metals also have different colors. Some are colorless, while others are brightly colored.
- Non-metals are used in a variety of applications. Inert gases are used in fluorescent lights and in refrigerators. Halogens are used in cleaning products and in medicine.
- Non-metals are an important part of our world. They are used in a variety of applications and play an important role in our lives.
Examples of Lustrous Non-Metal Minerals
Diamonds, rubies, and sapphires are all examples of lustrous non-metal minerals.
Most Reactive Non Metal
- The most reactive non-metal is fluorine. Fluorine is a very reactive gas that is highly corrosive to most materials. It is also a strong oxidizing agent, meaning it can easily remove electrons from other atoms or molecules.
- There is no definitive answer to this question as it depends on the definition of “reactivity.” However, if reactivity is defined as the ability to form compounds with other elements, then carbon is the most reactive nonmetal.
- Carbon can form an almost unlimited number of compounds with other elements, including oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
Physical Properties of Non Metals
Nonmetals are elements that do not have the ability to conduct electricity. They are generally poor conductors of heat, and they are brittle. Nonmetals are found on the right side of the periodic table.
List of Non-Metals (Complete List)
- carbon
- chlorine
- fluorine
- hydrogen
- iodine
- nitrogen
- oxygen
- phosphorus
- potassium
- sulfur
- uranium
1. Reaction with Water
Alcohols react with water to form alkyl hydroxyhalides and alcohols. The alkyl hydroxyhalides are then hydrolyzed to give the alcohol and a halide.
R-CH 2 -OH + H 2 O → R-CH 2 -O-H + HX
R-CH 2 -O-H + H 2 O → R-CH 2 -OH + HCl
2. Reaction with Acids
Aldehydes are generally soluble in acids and will form hydrogen ions in solution. The hydrogen ions will react with the aldehyde to form a carboxylic acid.
3. Reaction with Alkalis
Aldehydes are also soluble in alkalis and will form hydroxide ions in solution. The hydroxide ions will react with the aldehyde to form an alcohol.
4. Reaction with Bases
- Bases are compounds that can accept protons (hydrogen ions) from acids. The products of this reaction are a salt and water.
- In the reaction, the acid transfers a proton to the base. The proton is transferred from the H+ in the acid to the OH- in the base. This creates a salt and water.
- The salt is formed when the proton is transferred from the acid to the base. The water is created when the proton is transferred from the acid to the base and the two molecules combine.
5. Reaction with Oxygen
When aluminum is exposed to oxygen, a thin layer of aluminum oxide forms on the surface of the metal. This oxide layer protects the underlying metal from further corrosion.
Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals
Ferrous metals are those that contain iron, while non-ferrous metals do not. Examples of ferrous metals include steel and wrought iron, while non-ferrous metals include aluminum and copper. Ferrous metals are generally magnetic, while non-ferrous metals are not.
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