Table of Contents
Overview of Systematic Analysis of Anions
Systematic analysis of anions is the process of identifying anions through their chemical properties. This process typically begins with the determination of anions’ charge and molecular weight. From there, anions can be further classified by their chemical properties, such as their reactivity or solubility.
Experiment
ally, it is possible to probe the energetics of single molecular collisions by measuring the change in translational energy of a molecule before and after the collision.
The translational energy of a molecule is the sum of the kinetic energies of the molecule’s constituent atoms. The kinetic energy of an atom is the product of its mass and its velocity.
In a collision between two molecules, the atoms in the two molecules interact with each other. The interaction can result in the transfer of kinetic energy from one atom to another. This transfer of kinetic energy can change the translational energy of the molecule.
If the translational energy of the molecule changes after the collision, it can be inferred that the collision resulted in a transfer of kinetic energy from one atom to another.
Apparatus Setup
The apparatus setup consists of a large metal frame with two horizontal metal bars. Attached to each bar are two metal plates that can be moved up and down. A person stands on the metal plates and is then able to move them up and down by pushing or pulling on the bars. This creates a large range of motion for the person’s arms and legs.
Identification of Anions from the Volatile Products of Sulfuric Acid
In this experiment, you will identify anions from the volatile products of sulfuric acid.
You will need the following materials:
distilled water
vinegar
dishwashing soap
baking soda
volatile product of sulfuric acid
You will also need the following equipment:
test tubes
dropper
Procedure
1. Add a few drops of dishwashing soap to a test tube.
2. Add a few drops of vinegar to the test tube.
3. Add a few drops of the volatile product of sulfuric acid to the test tube.
4. Observe the reaction that occurs.
5. Record your observations.
The dishwashing soap reacts with the vinegar to produce bubbles. The bubbles contain carbon dioxide gas. The gas will rise to the top of the test tube and will be trapped by the dishwashing soap. The gas will dissolve the dishwashing soap and will produce a soapy foam.
The baking soda reacts with the vinegar to produce carbon dioxide gas. The gas will rise to the top of the test tube and will be trapped by the baking soda. The gas will dissolve the baking soda and will produce a bubbly foam.
Sodium Carbonate Extract
Sodium carbonate is a strong base that is used to extract alkaloids from plants. It is also used in the food industry as a leavening agent and as a food additive. Sodium carbonate is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water. It is produced by the reaction of sodium chloride and carbon dioxide.
Sodium Carbonate Extract Preparation
Weigh out 2 grams of sodium carbonate and dissolve it in 100 mL of water.
Sodium Carbonate Extract Solution
2 grams sodium carbonate
100 mL water
