Table of Contents
What is Ytterbium?
Ytterbium is a chemical element with the symbol Yb and atomic number 70. It is a rare earth metal and is the most lightest of the rare earth metals.
It has a silvery white color and is very soft. It is not very stable and will corrode in the air. It is not very reactive and does not dissolve in most acids. It is usually found in minerals such as monazite and xenotime.
It has a density of 6.941 g/cm3 and a melting point of 824.4 °C. Its boiling point is 1823.0 °C. It has a heat of fusion of 6.7 kJ/mol and a heat of vaporization of 108.2 kJ/mol. Its atomic radius is 128 pm and its ionization energy is 9.22 eV.
It has two stable isotopes, Yb-169 and Yb-170.
Source of Gamma Rays
Gamma rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation that is emitted by atomic nuclei when they decay. Gamma radiation is very high energy radiation, and is the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation. Gamma rays are produced when a nucleus undergoes radioactive decay, and are also emitted by nuclear weapons and nuclear reactors.
High-Stability Atomic Clocks
A high-stability atomic clock is a type of atomic clock that is designed to be extremely stable, accurate, and durable. These clocks use a variety of technologies to keep time, including atomic resonance, optical lattice clocks, and ion traps.
High-stability atomic clocks are used in a variety of settings, including scientific laboratories, military operations, and telecommunications. They are considered to be the most accurate timekeeping devices in the world, and can provide timing accuracy to within a few billionths of a second.
Doping of Stainless Steel
Doping is a process of adding impurities to a material to change its electrical or optical properties. In the case of stainless steel, doping is used to improve the material’s resistance to corrosion. The most common dopant used in stainless steel is chromium, which is added in concentrations of 10-15%. Other dopants that can be used include nickel, molybdenum, and tungsten.
