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CBSE Class 11 Physics Chapter 11 Thermal Properties of Matter MCQ
The chapter Thermal Properties of Matter is an important part of CBSE Class 11 Physics, often tested through multiple-choice questions MCQs in exams. Thermal Properties of Matter MCQs from this chapter focus on key concepts such as thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, heat transfer mechanisms (conduction, convection, and radiation), and the laws governing heat flow.
These Thermal Properties of Matter class 11 MCQ questions test students’ understanding of formulas, theoretical principles, and their ability to apply concepts to solve numerical problems. Topics like the coefficient of linear, area, and volume expansion, Newton’s law of cooling, Stefan-Boltzmann law, and the relationship between heat and temperature are commonly featured in MCQs class 11 Physics.
Preparing for Thermal Properties of Matter MCQs from this chapter requires a clear grasp of the underlying concepts, familiarity with important formulas, and regular practice to improve speed and accuracy. These questions not only help in scoring well in exams but also strengthen the foundation for advanced topics in thermodynamics.
Class 11 Physics Thermal Properties of Matter Overview
Here’s an overview of the chapter Thermal Properties of Matter for Class 11 Physics:
Class 11 Physics chapter 11 Thermal Properties of Matter get into the fundamental concepts of heat, temperature, and their effects on various states of matter. It explores the microscopic behavior of matter and how it influences macroscopic properties such as thermal expansion, heat transfer, and changes of state.
Key Concepts:
Temperature and Heat:
- Temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. It determines the direction of heat flow.
- Heat: The transfer of thermal energy between objects due to a temperature difference.
- Heat Capacity: The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by a unit degree.
- Specific Heat Capacity: The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree.
Thermal Expansion:
- Linear Expansion: The increase in length of a solid object with an increase in temperature.
- Area Expansion: The increase in surface area of an object with an increase in temperature.
- Volume Expansion: The increase in volume of an object with an increase in temperature.
- Applications and Consequences: Thermal expansion finds applications in thermometers, bimetallic strips, and has implications in engineering and construction.
Calorimetry:
- Principle of Calorimetry: Heat lost by a hot body is equal to the heat gained by a cold body in an isolated system.
- Applications: Used to determine specific heat capacities of substances, latent heats of fusion and vaporization.
Change of State:
- Latent Heat: The amount of heat required to change the state of a unit mass of a substance without a change in temperature.
- Latent Heat of Fusion: The heat required to change a unit mass of a substance from solid to liquid state at its melting point.
- Latent Heat of Vaporization: The heat required to change a unit mass of a substance from liquid to vapor state at its boiling point.
- Sublimation and Deposition: Direct transitions between solid and vapor states.
Heat Transfer:
- Conduction: The transfer of heat through a medium without any net displacement of the medium itself.
- Convection: The transfer of heat through the actual movement of fluids (liquids and gases).
- Radiation: The transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.
Class 11 Physics Thermal Properties of Matter MCQ Questions with Answers
MCQs with Answers and Explanations
MCQs with Answers and Explanations
1. A hot cup transfers its energy:
(a) From surrounding to cup till equilibrium establishes
(b) From cup to surrounding till equilibrium establishes
(c) In both ways
(d) No transfer of heat takes place
Answer: (a) From surrounding to cup till equilibrium establishes
Explanation: When a hot cup is placed in a cooler environment, heat flows from the cup to the surrounding until both reach the same temperature, i.e., equilibrium.
2. Which one of the following is a reliable standard fixed point?
(a) Boiling point of water
(b) Melting point of ice
(c) Triple point of water
(d) None of the above
Answer: (c) Triple point of water
Explanation: The triple point of water is where water can exist in all three phases—solid, liquid, and gas—simultaneously. It is a precise and reliable fixed point for calibration.
3. The value of absolute zero is:
(a) 273.15°C
(b) -273.15°C
(c) 100°C
(d) 180.15°C
Answer: (b) -273.15°C
Explanation: Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature, where the motion of atoms theoretically stops. It is equivalent to -273.15°C.
4. In order to obtain absolute zero:
(a) Volume of gas is kept constant and temperature is measured in terms of pressure
(b) Pressure of gas is kept constant and temperature is measured in terms of volume
(c) Temperature of gas is kept constant and volume is measured in terms of pressure
(d) None of the above
Answer: (a) Volume of gas is kept constant and temperature is measured in terms of pressure
Explanation: Absolute zero is theoretically reached when the pressure of gas is measured at a constant volume, indicating no thermal motion.
5. Why is Pyrex preferred for making thermometers over ordinary glass?
(a) It has a higher coefficient of volume expansion
(b) It has a smaller coefficient of volume expansion
(c) Not easy to break
(d) It is inexpensive
Answer: (b) It has a smaller coefficient of volume expansion
Explanation: Pyrex glass expands less when heated, making it more reliable and durable for thermometers compared to ordinary glass.
6. The volume thermal expansion coefficient for an ideal gas at constant pressure is:
(a) 1/T
(b) 1/3T
(c) 1/2T
(d) 1/5T
Answer: (a) 1/T
Explanation: According to the ideal gas law, the coefficient of volume expansion is inversely proportional to the temperature, represented as 1/T.
7. Water has the maximum density at:
(a) 4°C
(b) 100°C
(c) 0°C
(d) 100°C
Answer: (a) 4°C
Explanation: Water reaches its highest density at 4°C because its molecules are most tightly packed at this temperature.
8. The SI unit of specific heat capacity is:
(a) J kg-1K-1
(b) J kg-1K-2
(c) J kg-2K-1
(d) J-1kgK-1
Answer: (a) J kg-1K-1
Explanation: Specific heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one degree Celsius. Its unit is joules per kilogram per Kelvin.
9. During change of state of matter:
(a) Temperature remains constant
(b) Temperature changes
(c) Mass changes
(d) Density remains constant
Answer: (a) Temperature remains constant
Explanation: During a phase change, such as melting or boiling, the temperature remains constant while the substance absorbs or releases heat.
10. The SI unit of latent heat is:
(a) Jkg-1K-2
(b) Jkg-1
(c) Jkg
(d) Jkg-2K-1
Answer: (b) Jkg-1
Explanation: Latent heat refers to the heat required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature. Its unit is joules per kilogram.
11. Which of the following phenomenon is responsible for the transference of heat from one end of a metallic rod to the other end?
(a) Radiation
(b) Convection
(c) Both radiation and convection
(d) Conduction
Answer: (d) Conduction
Explanation: Heat transfer through a metallic rod happens via conduction, where particles at one end transfer energy to adjacent particles.
12. Co-efficient of volume expansion of ……..… is independent of temperature:
(a) Gas
(b) Solid
(c) Liquid
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b) Solid
Explanation: Solids have a constant volume expansion coefficient that does not significantly change with temperature.
13. By Wein’s displacement law:
(a) λmT2 = constant
(b) λmT3 = constant
(c) λmT = constant
(d) λmT4 = constant
Answer: (c) λmT = constant
Explanation: Wein’s law states that the wavelength (λm) at which the radiation is maximized is inversely proportional to the temperature (T) of the body.
14. The change from solid state to vapour state without passing through the liquid state is called as:
(a) Vaporisation
(b) Melting
(c) Boiling
(d) Sublimation
Answer: (d) Sublimation
Explanation: Sublimation is the process where a solid turns directly into a vapor without becoming a liquid first, such as dry ice turning into gas.
15. During phase change from liquid to vapor:
(a) The heat energy supplied is used to rise the temperature only
(b) The heat energy supplied is used to rise the temperature and phase change
(c) The heat energy supplied is used to change the state only
(d) None of the above
Answer: (c) The heat energy supplied is used to change the state only
Explanation: During phase change from liquid to vapor (boiling), the heat energy is used to break the bonds between molecules, changing the state, not increasing temperature.
FAQs on Thermal Properties of Matter MCQ Class 11 Physics
What topics are covered in the MCQs for Thermal Properties of Matter?
The MCQs for Thermal Properties of Matter cover essential topics such as thermal expansion, heat transfer mechanisms (conduction, convection, and radiation), specific heat capacity, and the laws of thermodynamics. These concepts are fundamental to understanding how different materials respond to heat.
How can I effectively prepare for the MCQs in this chapter?
Effective preparation involves studying the key concepts and formulas related to thermal properties, practicing a variety of MCQs, and reviewing explanations for each answer. Utilizing resources such as NCERT textbooks, exemplar questions, and online quizzes can enhance understanding and retention.
What is the significance of understanding thermal properties in real-life applications?
Understanding thermal properties is crucial for various real-life applications, including engineering, environmental science, and material selection. Knowledge of how materials conduct heat or expand with temperature changes helps in designing efficient thermal systems, insulating materials, and understanding climate-related phenomena.
