Class 10 Chemistry Worksheet – Carbon and its Compounds

Carbon is one of the most essential elements in the periodic table. It forms the backbone of life on Earth, being a fundamental component of organic compounds. Found in everything from the air we breathe to the food we eat, carbon is unique in its ability to form an enormous variety of compounds. This ability is due to its tetravalency, catenation properties, and ability to form stable bonds with other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

In Class 10 Chemistry, the chapter “Carbon and its Compounds” introduces students to the diverse world of carbon-based compounds, their properties, and their significance in daily life. To enhance understanding and encourage practice, a worksheet focused on this chapter can serve as a valuable tool. This worksheet will include theoretical questions, numerical problems, and practical applications related to the topic.

Worksheet on Class 10 Carbon and its Compounds

1. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

These questions test basic conceptual knowledge and are ideal for quick revisions.

1. Carbon has a valency of:
   • (a) 2
   • (b) 3
   • (c) 4
   • (d) 5

   Answer: (c) 4

2. Which of the following is not a property of carbon?
   • (a) Catenation
   • (b) Tetravalency
   • (c) Metallic character
   • (d) Formation of ionic bonds

   Answer: (c) Metallic character

3. Which functional group is present in alcohols?
   • (a) -OH
   • (b) -CHO
   • (c) -COOH
   • (d) -CO

   Answer: (a) -OH

Do Check: Carbon and its Compounds Class 10 Notes Science Chapter 4

2. Fill in the Blanks

These questions ensure active recall and help solidify memory.

Carbon compounds that contain only single bonds are called __________ compounds.

Answer: Saturated

The simplest ketone is __________.

Answer: Propanone (Acetone)

__________ is a process used to separate the components of crude oil.

Answer: Fractional Distillation

3. Short Answer Questions

These encourage students to apply their knowledge in concise responses.

Ques. Why is carbon able to form so many compounds?

Carbon can form a large number of compounds due to its tetravalency and catenation properties. Tetravalency allows carbon to form four covalent bonds, while catenation enables it to form long chains and rings by bonding with other carbon atoms.

Ques. Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Saturated hydrocarbons: These contain only single bonds between carbon atoms (e.g., alkanes).

Unsaturated hydrocarbons: These contain at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms (e.g., alkenes, alkynes).

Ques. What is a homologous series? Give an example.

A homologous series is a group of organic compounds with the same functional group, similar chemical properties, and successive members differing by a CH₂ unit. For example, alkanes (methane, ethane, propane).

Do Check: Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 4 – Carbon and its Compounds Important Questions

4. Long Answer Questions

These questions delve deeper into the topic, testing analytical and explanatory skills.

1. Explain the structure and properties of diamond and graphite.
   • Diamond: Diamond has a three-dimensional network structure where each carbon atom is bonded to four others. It is extremely hard, has a high melting point, and does not conduct electricity.
   • Graphite: Graphite has a layered structure where each carbon atom is bonded to three others, forming hexagonal sheets. It is soft, slippery, and a good conductor of electricity due to the presence of free electrons.
2. Discuss the importance of functional groups in carbon compounds. Functional groups are specific atoms or groups of atoms within molecules that determine the characteristic properties and chemical reactions of those compounds. For example:
   • Alcohols (-OH): Found in ethanol, used as a solvent.
   • Carboxylic acids (-COOH): Found in acetic acid, used in vinegar.
   • Aldehydes (-CHO): Found in formaldehyde, used in preservation.

5. Numerical Problems

These help students apply theoretical concepts to real-life scenarios.

1. Calculate the number of covalent bonds in a molecule of ethane (C₂H₆). Solution: Ethane has 2 carbon atoms and 6 hydrogen atoms. Each carbon atom forms 4 bonds. Thus, the total number of covalent bonds is 7 (6 C-H bonds and 1 C-C bond).
2. An organic compound contains 40% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen, and 53.3% oxygen by weight. Determine its empirical formula. Solution:
   • Assume 100 g of the compound:
     • Carbon: 40 g / 12 = 3.33 mol
     • Hydrogen: 6.7 g / 1 = 6.7 mol
     • Oxygen: 53.3 g / 16 = 3.33 mol
   • Ratio: C:H:O = 1:2:1
   • Empirical formula: CH₂O

Do Check: NCERT Solutions for 10th class Science Chapter 4

6. Practical Applications

These questions highlight the relevance of the topic in everyday life.

Ques. Why is ethanol used as a fuel?

Ethanol is used as a fuel because it is renewable, burns cleanly to produce carbon dioxide and water, and has a high energy output.

Ques. How does soap remove grease and dirt?

Soap molecules have a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and a hydrophobic (water-repelling) tail. The hydrophobic tail attaches to grease and dirt, while the hydrophilic head interacts with water, allowing grease and dirt to be washed away.

7. Match the Following

These questions reinforce concepts in a fun and engaging manner.

1. Match the compounds with their functional groups:
   • Ethanol – (a) Ketone
   • Acetone – (b) Alcohol
   • Acetic Acid – (c) Carboxylic Acid

   Answer:

   • Ethanol: (b) Alcohol
   • Acetone: (a) Ketone
   • Acetic Acid: (c) Carboxylic Acid

8. Diagram-Based Questions

These enhance visual understanding and are excellent for practical exams.

1. Draw the structural formula of the following:
   • Methane (CH₄)
   • Ethene (C₂H₄)
   • Propanone (C₃H₆O)
2. Identify the isomers in the given structural formulas.
   • Structures of butane and isobutane.
   • Explanation of how they differ in branching but have the same molecular formula (C₄H₁₀).

9. Assertion and Reason Questions

These encourage logical reasoning and analytical skills.

1. Assertion: Diamond is used in cutting tools. Reason: Diamond is a good conductor of electricity.
   • (a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation.
   • (b) Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation.
   • (c) Assertion is true, but reason is false.
   • (d) Both assertion and reason are false.

   Answer: (c) Assertion is true, but reason is false.

Do Check: Carbon and its Compounds Class 10 MCQ

10. Case Study-Based Questions

These simulate real-world scenarios and encourage critical thinking.

Case: A student observed that when ethanol was heated with acetic acid in the presence of a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid, a sweet-smelling liquid was formed.

Questions:

• Name the reaction.
• Write the chemical equation for the reaction.
• What is the sweet-smelling liquid formed?

Answer:

• The reaction is called esterification.
• CH₃CH₂OH + CH₃COOH → CH₃COOCH₂CH₃ + H₂O
• The sweet-smelling liquid is an ester.