NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate was created by Infinity Learn’s subject matter specialists to help students prepare for the CBSE Term II test. In Chapters 2 and 3, students learned about landforms and drainage in our country, respectively. These are two fundamental concepts that students have mastered. They will study the third ingredient, atmospheric conditions, in this chapter.

The chapter discusses India’s climate, elements impacting India’s climate, the Indian monsoon, the onset and withdrawal of the monsoon, different seasons in India, and rainfall distribution. In the exercise area, students will find questions connected to these themes. In the NCERT Solutions Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 Climate PDF, we have supplied the answers to the exercise problems.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate

PDF Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate Questions

(i) Which one of the following places receives the highest rainfall in the world?

(a) Silchar (c) Cherrapunjiuot

(b) Mawsynram (d) Guwahatiuot

Ans. (b) Mawsynramuot

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(ii) The wind blowing in the northern plains in summers is known as:

(a) Kaal Baisakhi (c) Trade Windsuot

(b) Loo (d) None of the aboveuot

Ans. (b) Loouot

(iii) Which one of the following causes rainfall during winters in north-western part of India?

(a) Cyclonic depression (c) Western disturbancesuot

(b) Retreating monsoon (d) Southwest monsoonuot

Ans. (c) Western disturbancesuot

(iv) Monsoon arrives in India approximately in:

(a) Early May (c) Early Juneuot

(b) Early July (d) Early Augustuot

Ans. (c) Early Juneuot

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(v) Which one of the following characterises the cold weather season in India?

(a) Warm days and warm nights (b) Warm days and cold nightsuot

(c) Cool days and cold nights (d) Cold days and warm nightsuot

Ans. (b) Warm days and cold nightsuot

2. Answer the following questions briefly

(i) What are the controls affecting the climate of India?

Ans. The six controls that affect the climate of India are latitude, altitude, pressure and wind system, ocean currents, distance from the sea and relief features.

(ii) Why does India have a monsoon type of climate?

Ans. Our country India has a monsoon type of climate because of its weather conditions which change from season to season and the Indian climate is influenced by the winds which are called monsoon winds.

• This type of climate is based on distinct seasons and the reversal of monsoon winds.
• The monsoon climate occurs because of the differential heating of the land and water bodies.
• Air crosses the equator and turns right to the low pressure zone over the subcontinent of India after moving from a high pressure area over the southern Indian ocean.
• When these winds blow over the warm oceans, they pick up moisture from these oceans and pick up moisture from them and this results in rainfall in India.

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(iii) Which part of India does experience the highest diurnal range of temperature and why?

Ans.

• Diurnal range of temperature is the difference between maximum and minimum temperature of a day.
• Diurnal range of temperature is high in desert regions like Rajasthan, Thar Desert and interior parts of Rann of Kachchh.
• In these sandy areas the day temperature may rise to 50°C and drop down to near freezing point the same night.
• It is so because the sand absorbs heat very fast during day and loses heat very fast at night.

(iv) Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar coast?

Ans. The Arabian Sea Branch of the South-West monsoon strikes the Western Ghats in June and gives heavy rainfall to the Malabar Coast. Since, it is the first region to receive rainfall, Malabar Coast experiences heavy rains in the month of June/July.

(v) What are Jet streams and how do they affect the climate of India?

Ans.

• Jet streams are fast blowing air currents of a steady velocity moving in a narrow zone of the troposphere and affect the climate of India.
• They help in bringing the Western Disturbances to north and north-western parts of India.
• Western Disturbances cause much needed winter rains over the north and north-western parts of India and snowfall in the mountains.
• Though the total amount of winter rainfall “mahawat” is small, they are of great importance for the cultivation of ‘rabi’ crops.

(vi) Define monsoons. What do you understand by “break” in monsoon?

Ans.

• The word, ‘Monsoon’ has been derived from the Arabic word ‘mausam’ which means season. The word monsoon, therefore, denotes a season in which the wind regime is completely reversed. The Arabs who traded with India named this seasonal reversal of the wind system as ‘monsoon’.
• During the south-west monsoon period after having rains for a few days, if rain fails to occur for one or more weeks, it is known as Break in the Monsoon.

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(vii) Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond?

Ans.

• The Monsoon exercises an all-embracing and unifying influence on the weather condition of India.
• Despite climate contrasts and variations from region to region, the monsoons provide a rhythmic cycle of season year after year.
• It is around this seasonal rhythm that the Indian human life, animals and plants life, its entire agriculture calendar, its festivals revolve.
• The Himalayan ranges act as a physical barrier separating India from Central Asia, and gives a tropical touch to the Indian climate.
• The Himalayas protect the sub-continent from extremely cold winds from central Asia. This enables northern India to have uniformly higher temperature when compared to other areas on the same latitude.
• The Peninsular plateau under the influence of the sea from three sides has moderate
• The monsoon winds bind the whole country by providing water to get the agricultural activities in motion. The river valleys which carry this water also unite as a single river valley unit.

So, the whole Indian climate can be described by just one word, ‘Monsoon’. It plays a very important unifying role in the Indian climate.

3. Why does the rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India.

Ans.

• Both eastern and western parts of northern India receive rainfall from the Bay of Bengal branch of the monsoons. As the Bay of Bengal branch reaches the eastern parts first, so the eastern parts receive more rainfall as compared to the western parts.
• Secondly, the western parts are away from the sea. So the monsoon winds get drier.

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4. Give reasons as to why

(i) Seasonal reversal of wind direction takes place over the Indian subcontinent?

Ans.

• During winter, there is a high pressure area north of the Himalayas. Whereas, there exists low pressure area over the ocean to the south. So cold and dry winds blow from the Himalayan region towards the ocean.
• During summer, a low pressure area develops over the interior Asia as well as over the north Western India. This cause a complete reversal of the direction of winds during summer.

(ii) The bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a few months.

Ans.

• Most parts of India receive rainfall from the south-west monsoons which blows in India only between June to September.
• Only the eastern coast of India receives some rainfall from the North-east trade winds during the cold weather season.

(iii) The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall.

Ans. It is because Tamil Nadu gets rain from the North-east monsoons which reach there after passing over the Bay of Bengal, after picking moisture from there.

(iv) The delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclones.

Ans.

• In the mid October, the mercury begins to fall at a rapid speed in Northern India.
• The low pressure conditions of the North shifts to the Bay of Bengal by November. This shift causes cyclonic depressions in the Andaman Sea.
• These cyclonic depressions give rise to tropical cyclones which cause heavy and widespread rains in the deltas of the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri.

(v) Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone.

Ans.

• Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and leeward side of the Western Ghats depend on Arabian Sea branch of the South-west monsoons for the rainfall. The Arabian Sea branch strikes the Western Ghats and sheds most of its moisture on the windward side of the Western Ghats. By the time it reaches the Leeward side it has shed most of its moisture and the Leeward side becomes drought-prone.
• By the time the Arabian Sea branch reaches Gujarat, it has shed most of its moisture on the way causing scanty rainfall.
• When it reaches Rajasthan, it blows parallel to the Aravalli hills. Due to high temperatures its capacity to retain moisture increases, hence both Gujarat and Rajasthan receive scanty rainfall and are drought-prone.

5. Describe the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India with the help of suitable examples.

Ans.

• During the summer, temperatures in some regions of the Rajasthan desert can reach 50°C, while temperatures in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, can be as low as 20°C.
• In the winter, night temperatures in Jammu and Kashmir’s Drass district can drop to as low as 40°C. Thiruvananthapuram, on the other hand, could see temperatures as high as 22°C.
• As a result, little obvious variation in coastal areas is expected. Because of the sea’s moderating influence on the temperature pattern.

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6. Discuss the mechanism of monsoons.

Ans.

• The differential heating and cooling of land and water creates low pressure on the landmass of India, while the seas around experience comparatively a high pressure.
• The shift of the position of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in summer, which is also known as the monsoon-trough during the monsoon season.
• The presence of the high pressure area, east of Madagascar, approximately at 20°S over the Indian Ocean also affects the Indian Monsoon.
• The Tibetan high-level plateau gets intensely heated during summer, which results in strong vertical air currents and the formation of high pressure over the plateau at about a kilometre above the sea level.
• The movement of the westerly jet to the north of the Himalayas, and the presence of the tropical easterly jet over the Indian peninsula during summer.

7. Give an account of weather conditions and characteristics of the cold season.

Ans. Weather conditions and characteristics of cold season :

• The cold season begins from mid-November till February. The temperature decreases from south to north. The average temperature of Chennai is between 24°-25°Celsius, while in the northern plains, it is between 10°-15°Celsius.
• December and January are the coldest months in northern parts of India. The weather is marked by clear skies, low temperature, low humidity and variable winds.
• Days are warm, nights are cold. Higher areas of Himalayas experience snowfall. North-East Trade winds blow over the country. They blow from land to sea. For most parts of the country, it is dry season. Tamil Nadu gets rain from these winds, here they blow from sea to land.
• Western Disturbances (cyclonic disturbances) move into India from the Mediterranean Sea and blow over northern and North-western parts of India. They cause much needed winter rains over the northern plains and snowfall in the Himalayas. The total amount of rainfall is about 70 cm. They are important for the cultivation of rabi Locally these rains are also known as “Mahawat”.
• The peninsula region does not have a well-defined cold season. Due to the moderating influence of the sea, there is not much noticeable seasonal changes in temperature pattern in winters.

8. Give the characteristics and effects of the monsoon rainfall in India.

Ans.

• The arrival and departure of the monsoon is uncertain.
• The amount of rainfall they shed is also uncertain.
• Most parts of India receive rainfall from these winds.
• The life of the people, including festivals and other economic and social activities revolve around the monsoon.
• India is an agricultural land. Monsoons are vital in agricultural production.
• Despite climatic contrasts and variations, the monsoons provide a rhythmic cycle of seasons, year after year.

NCERT Geography Class 9 Chapter 4 – Climate discusses one of the most crucial variables in human survival, namely climate. The livelihood of people living in a given location is determined by the climatic conditions of that area.

The sum total of weather conditions and variations over a vast area over a long period of time is referred to as climate (more than thirty years). The state of the atmosphere over a certain area at any given time is referred to as weather.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4?

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 provide explanations and answers to the questions in the chapter Climate. They help students understand climate patterns, factors, and its impact on different regions.

Why are NCERT Solutions important for Chapter 4 - Climate?

NCERT Solutions help students grasp concepts like climate zones, factors influencing climate, and their effects. They aid in effective learning and exam preparation.

How can NCERT Solutions enhance learning about climate?

NCERT Solutions offer detailed explanations, diagrams, and examples that simplify complex topics like climate and its variations, making learning engaging and comprehensive.

What topics are covered in Chapter 4 - Climate of Class 9 Geography?

Chapter 4 covers concepts like climate types, factors affecting climate, global patterns, and the impact of climate on different regions and human activities.

How do NCERT Solutions benefit students preparing for exams?

NCERT Solutions help students practice different question types, understand the application of concepts, and gain confidence to tackle exams effectively.

Where can I find NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4?

NCERT Solutions are available in textbooks, Infinity Learn, and official NCERT websites, providing easy access to students.

How do NCERT Solutions help in concept clarification?

NCERT Solutions provide step-by-step explanations, examples, and illustrations, assisting students in understanding complex topics like climate zones and patterns.

Are NCERT Solutions for Chapter 4 suitable for self-study?

Yes, NCERT Solutions are designed to aid self-study. They offer clear insights into concepts, making it easier for students to learn and revise.

Can NCERT Solutions be accessed online?

Yes, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 can be found on various educational websites, making them accessible for students to study anytime.