Monohybrid Cross | Definition of Monohybrid Cross

Definition of Monohybrid Cross;

Monohybrid cross is a cross between two individuals that differ in a single trait. In a monohybrid cross, the two individuals that are crossed are different in only one trait. For example, if you crossed a red flower with a white flower, the offspring would be either all red or all white, depending on the gene that is passed down from the parents. This type of cross is used to determine the genetic makeup of a particular trait.

The Structure of Mitochondria

• Mitochondria are organelles in the cell that have many functions. They are responsible for producing energy for the cell, they are involved in cell signaling, and they help control the cell’s life cycle. Mitochondria are also involved in apoptosis, or programmed cell death.
• The structure of mitochondria is very complex. They are made up of two membranes. The outer membrane is the one that is in contact with the rest of the cell, and the inner membrane is the one that is in contact with the matrix. The matrix is the inner space of the mitochondria where the enzymes that produce energy are located.
• The matrix is also where the mitochondria’s DNA is located. The mitochondrial DNA is different from the DNA in the nucleus, and it is passed down from mother to child. This is why mitochondrial diseases are passed down through families.

Labelled diagram of a Mitochondrion

• A mitochondrion is an organelle in a eukaryotic cell. It is the site of cellular respiration and has a double membrane.
• The outer membrane is permeable to small molecules and the inner membrane is impermeable.
• The space between the two membranes is called the intermembrane space.
• The matrix is the space inside the inner membrane and it contains the enzymes for cellular respiration.
• The mitochondrion is surrounded by a cytoskeleton.

Characteristics of the Mitochondrial DNA/ Genome:

• The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is found in the mitochondria of cells.
• The mitochondria are organelles in the cell that produce energy for the cell.
• The mtDNA is responsible for the generation of energy in the cell.
• The mtDNA is also responsible for the regulation of the production of new mitochondria.
• The mtDNA is passed down from the mother to her children.

The Function of Mitochondria

• Mitochondria are organelles found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
• Their primary function is to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for the cell.
• They do this through the process of oxidative phosphorylation, which requires oxygen.
• Mitochondria also play a role in cell signaling and apoptosis (programmed cell death).