Table of Contents
Chapter 6 of the NCERT Exemplar for Class 8 Science is all about Combustion and Flame. This chapter helps students understand how things burn, the heat and light we see as flames, and how to control it safely.
Combustion is a chemical reaction that happens when fuels like hydrocarbons mix with oxygen. This process releases heat, light, and gases, which can be dangerous if not managed properly. Flames are the visible part of combustion, formed when heat from the reaction makes fuel turn into gas and mix with oxygen.
The chapter talks about different aspects of combustion, like what affects how fast it happens, the use of catalysts, and the importance of controlling combustion to ensure safety. It also introduces the idea of flammability, which means how easily something catches fire and burns.
To make things clearer, the chapter has lots of examples and exercises. It also encourages students to think about the importance of safety measures in our daily lives.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Question. 1 A substance that reacts with oxygen giving heat, is called a combustible substance. Which one of the following is a combustible substance?
(a) Iron nail (b) Glass (c) Stone piece (d) Wood
Answer. (d) Wood is a combustible substance. It is a solid fuel and produces smoke during combustion.
Question. 2. Which one of the following has the highest calorific value?
(a) Kerosene (b) Biqgas (c) LPG (d) Petrol
Answer. (c) LPG has the highest calorific value, i.e., 55000 kJ/kg.
It means that if 1 kg of LPG is burnt completely, it will produce 55000 kilojoules of heat energy.
Note
Calorific value
45000 kJ/kg 35000 to 40000 kJ/kg 45000 kJ/kg
Question. 3 Magnesium ribbon on burning in air produces
(a) magnesium oxide, water, and light (b) magnesium oxide, and heat (c) magnesium oxide, heat, and light (d) magnesium oxide, water, and heat
Answer. (c) Magnesium ribbon, burning in air, produces magnesium oxide, heat, and light; magnesium ribbon is a very reactive metal.
Question. 4 Which of the following is not a combustible substance?
(a) Camphor (b) Glass (c) Straw (d) Alcohol
Answer. (b) Those substances which do not burn are called a non-combustible substance. Some non-combustible substances are stone, glass, cement, soil, sand, iron nails, etc.
Question. 5 The substance that does not burn with flame is
(a) LPG (b) camphor (c) dry grass (d) charcoal
Answer. (d) Charcoal is a solid fuel that does not vaporise on heating. So, charcoal does not burn by producing a flame. It only glows on combustion.
Question. 6 On placing an inverted tumbler over a burning candle, the flame extinguishes after some time. This is because of the non-availability of (a) oxygen, (b) water vapours, (c) carbon dioxide, (d) wax.
Answer. (a) The flame extinguishes because of the non-availability of oxygen. Air or oxygen is necessary for combustion.
Question. 7 If a person’s clothes catch fire, the best way to extinguish the fire is to
(a) throw water on the clothes
(b) use fire extinguisher
(c) cover the person with a woolen blanket
(d) cover the person with a polythene sheet
Answer. (c) Cover the person with a woolen blanket so that the air supply to the burning clothes is cut off; hence, the burning (or fire) stops.
Question. 8 The substance expected to have the highest ignition temperature out of the following is
(a) kerosene (b) petrol (c) coal (d) alcohol
Answer. (c) Coal has the highest ignition temperature.
Note The lowest temperature at which a substance catches fire and starts burning is called its ignition temperature. Kerosene, petrol, and alcohol have low ignition temperatures.
Question. 9 Choose the correct statement about inflammable substances from the following.
They have
(a) low ignition temperature and cannot catch fire easily
(b) high ignition temperature and can catch fire easily
(c) low ignition temperature and can catch fire easily
(d) high ignition temperature and cannot catch fire easily
Answer. (c) Inflammable substances have low ignition temperatures and can catch fire easily.
Question. 10 Choose the incorrect statement from the following.
Forest fires are usually due to
(a) the carelessness of humans, (b) the heat of Sun (c) the cutting of trees, (d) lightning strike
Answer. (c) Forest fires are not due to the cutting of trees,
Question. 11 The calorific value of a fuel is expressed in a unit called
(a) kilojoule per litre (b) kilogram per millilitre (c) kilojoule per gram (d) kilojoule per kilogram
Answer. (d) The calorific value of a fuel is expressed in the unit of kilojoule per kilogram (kJ/kg),
Question. 12 In villages, people use wood as fuel because
(a) it is considered to be an ideal fuel (b) of its easy availability and low cost (c) it is environment friendly (d) it catches fire easily
Answer. (b) In villages, people use wood as fuel because of its easy availability and low cost.
Question. 13 Which one among the following is considered the cleanest fuel?
(a) Cow dung cake (b) Petrol (c) Kerosene (d) Hydrogen gas
Answer. (d) Hydrogen gas is considered as cleanest fuel. Unlike carbon-based fuels, hydrogen produces no harmful by-products on combustion. Only energy and clean water are produced.
Question. 14 Choose the incorrect statement from the following.
A good fuel is one which
(a) is readily available
(b) produces a large amount of heat
(c) leaves behind many undesirable substances
(d) burns easily in the air at a moderate rate
Answer. (c) Good fuel does not produce harmful gases or leave any residue after burning. So, the incorrect statement is option (c).
Question. 15 Shyam was cooking potato curry on a chulha. To his surprise, he observed that the copper vessel was getting blackened from the outside. It may be due to –
(a) proper combustion of fuel, (b) improper cooking of potato curry (c) improper combustion of fuel, (d) burning of copper vessel
Answer. (c) Due to incomplete fuel combustion, the copper vessel was getting blackened from the outside.
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question. 16 Fill in the blanks.
(a)A ……….. process in which a substance reacts with ……….. to give off heat
is called combustion.
(b) When the clothes of a person catch …………the person is covered with a…………… to extinguish fire.
(c) The………….. temperature at which a substance catches fire is called its…………..temperature.
(d) The substances which give very …………..ignition temperature and can easily catch fire with a flame are called………….substances.
(e) The substances which vaporize during……………..give flame.
Answer.(a) chemical, oxygen
(b) fire, blanket
(c) lowest, ignition
(d) low, inflammable
(e) burning
Question. 17 Some words (underlined) in the following sentences are jumbled up. Write them in their correct form.
(a) Seldie is a combustible substance.
(b) Slaas is a non-combustible material.
(c) Chittsmack does not burn by itself.
(d) Some substances on combustion produce thea and mafel.
(e) The amount of heat energy produced on complete combustion of 1 kg of a fuel is called its ficalroic value.
Answer. (a) Diesel (b) Glass (c) Matchstick (d) heat, flame (e) calorific
Question. 18 Two glass jars, A and B, are filled with carbon dioxide and oxygen gases, respectively. In each jar, a lighted candle is placed simultaneously. In which jar will the candle remain lighted for a longer time, and why?
Answer. In jar B, the candle remains lit for a longer time because oxygen supports combustion. So, we can say that oxygen (air) is necessary for combustion to take place.
Question. 19 Anu wants to boil water quickly in a test tube. On observing the j different zones of the flame, she cannot decide which zone of the flame will be best for boiling water quickly. Help her in this activity.
Answer. Anu should keep her test tube in the outermost or non-luminous zone of the flame because it is the hottest flame zone and has more temperature.
In the outer zone of a flame, the fuel’s complete combustion occurs because there is plenty of air around it, so water in a test tube will boil quickly in this zone.
Question. 20 Why is using diesel and petrol as fuels in automobiles being replaced by Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in big cities?
Answer. When CNG burns, it produces harmful products in very small amounts. It is a clean fuel because it burns without producing smoke. Using CNG as fuel in automobiles has reduced air pollution In big cities.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question. 21 Boojho wants to separate the materials as combustible and non-combustible. Can you help him? Charcoal, chalk, stone, iron rod, copper coin, straw, cardboard, glass, paper, candle, wood.
Answer. 1. Combustible — charcoal, straw, cardboard, paper, candle, wood.
2. Non-combustible — chalk, stone, iron rod, copper coin, glass.
Question. 22 State whether the following statements are True/False.
(i) Air is necessary for combustion.
(ii) Magnesium is a non-combustible metal.
(iii) Carbon dioxide is an excellent fire extinguisher.
(iv) Calorific value of wood is higher than that of coal.
Answer. 1. True, air contains oxygen, and oxygen is a supporter of combustion.
2. False; magnesium is a combustible metal.
3. True
4. False; the calorific value of coal is higher than wood.
Question. 23 Match the items of Column I with the items of Column II.
Answer. The correct matching is as given: (a)—(iv), (b)-(vi), (c)-(v), (d)—(iii), (e)-(i), (f)-(ii)
Question. 24 Match the following for the flame of a candle.
Answer. The correct matching is as given: (a)—(iii) (x), (b)—(ii) (z), (c)—(i) (y)
Question. 25 What will you observe if you hold a piece of iron wire with a pair of tongs inside a candle flame or a Bunsen burner flame? Will it produce a flame?
Answer. The iron wire will become red hot and glow. It will not produce a flame.
Question. 26 Fill in the blanks using the words in the box. Ignition, petrol, combustion, calorific value, combustible, inflammable
(a) A chemical process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give off heat is called ………………
(b) Wood, paper, and CNG are ……………substances.
(c) The lowest temperature at which a substance catches fire is called its …………… temperature.
(d) Ignition temperature of……………… is lower than that of wood.
(e) The substances with very low……………… temperature and can easily catch fire with a flame are called…………….. substances.
(f) The amount of heat energy produced on complete combustion of 1 kg of a fuel is called its …………….
Answer. (a) combustion
(b) combustible
(c) ignition
(d) petrol
(e) ignition, inflammable
(f) calorific value
Question. 27 People usually keep angithi/burning coal in their closed rooms during winter. Why is it advised to keep the door open?
Answer. When coal burns in the air, it produces carbon dioxide, which is non-poisonous. But, when angithi or coal burns in a closed room, the air or oxygen cannot enter the room.
So, in the incomplete supply of oxygen, coal burns to produce carbon monoxide, a highly poisonous gas. It causes suffocation in a closed room. So, the door and windows should be open.
Question. 28 Write True/False against the following statements and also correct the false information.
(a) combustion is a physical process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give off heat.
(b) Water is the best extinguisher for fires involving electrical equipment.
(c) Alcohol, CNG, and LPG are inflammable substances.
(d) Increased nitrogen concentration in the air is believed to cause global warming.
(e) Greater the calorific value, the better the fuel.
(f) Middle zone is the hottest zone of a flame.
(g) The substances which vaporise during burning give flame.
Answer. (a) False; a chemical process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give off heat is called combustion.
(b) False; carbon dioxide is the best extinguisher for fires involving electrical equipment.
(c) True
(d) False; increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is believed to cause global warming.
(e) True
(f) False; the outer zone is the hottest zone of a flame.
(g) True
Question. 29 Cracker on ignition produces sound. Why?
Answer. When a cracker is ignited, a sudden reaction (very rapid) takes place with the evolution of heat, light, and sound, and a large amount of gas is liberated. Such a reaction is called an explosion. The gases produced are heated by the heat evolved in the reaction.
The hot gases expand rapidly and cause an explosion (producing a loud sound).
Question. 30 What do you understand by fuel efficiency?
Answer. Fuel efficiency is determined by its calorific value, the amount of heat energy produced on the combustion of 1 kg of fuel. The calorific value of a fuel is expressed in kJ/kg. A good fuel should have a high calorific value. That means it should produce a large amount of heat per unit mass.
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Long Answer Type Questions
Question. 31 You are given three watch glasses containing milk, petrol, and mustard oil. Suppose you bring a burning candle near these materials one by one; which material(s) will catch fire instantly and why?
Answer. The watch glass containing petrol will catch fire instantly because its ignition temperature is very low. Also, petrol is an inflammable substance, i.e., it can easily catch fire with a flame.
Question. 32 Manu was heating oil to fry potato chips. The cooking oil suddenly caught fire; he poured water to extinguish the fire. Do you think this action was suitable? If yes, why? If not, why not? In such a condition, what should Manu have done?
Answer. Pouring water to extinguish the fire due to oil was not suitable action. It is because oil is lighter than water. So, water will settle down below the oil. The oil floats on the water and continues to burn.
In such conditions, sand or soil should be used. They cut off the supply of air to the fire. Thus, fire can be controlled. But sand or soil will not be available at that place.
So, Manu should have switched off the flame of the burner and put a lid on the frying pan. By doing this, the contact between fuel and oxygen is cut off, and the flame will go off,
Question. 33 What are the three essential requirements to produce fire? How is a fire extinguisher helpful in controlling fire?
Answer. Three essential requirements to produce fire are as follows:
(i) Fuel (combustible substance),
(ii) Air (or oxygen) and
(iii) Heat to acquire the ignition temperature.
The job of a fire extinguisher is to cut off the supply of air, bring down the temperature of the fuel, or both. The most common fire extinguisher is water. But water works only when things like wood and paper are on fire. Water extinguishes fire by cooling the burning substance.
For fires involving electrical equipment and inflammable materials like petrol, carbon dioxide (C02)is the best extinguisher. C02 being heavier than oxygen covers the fire like a blanket. Since the contact between the fuel and oxygen is cut off, the fire can be controlled. The added advantage of C02 is that it does not harm the electrical equipment in most cases.
Question. 34 Give two examples of a solid, liquid, and gaseous fuel, along with some important uses.
Answer. Solid fuels Examples are wood and coal. These are used for cooking food in homes. Coal is also used in industries. Liquid fuels Examples are kerosene and petrol. Kerosene is used in stoves to cook food and lamps, and petrol is used in automobiles. Gaseous fuels Examples are natural gas and petroleum gas. These are used in. industries; CNG is used to run automobiles.
Question. 35 The calorific values of petrol and CNG are 45000 kJ/kg and 50000 kJ/kg, respectively. If you have a vehicle that can run on petrol and CNG, which fuel will you prefer and why?
Answer. We will prefer CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) because the calorific value of CNG is higher than that of petrol. CNG will produce a large amount of heat energy than petrol.
At the same time, it produces the least air pollutants. CNG will be more economical.
Question. 36 Although wood has a very high calorific value, we still discourage its use as a fuel. Explain.
Answer. Burning wood has several disadvantages. These are as follows:
(i) Wood burning produces a lot of smoke which causes respiratory diseases.
(ii) The cutting down of trees to obtain wood fuel leads to deforestation, which is very harmful to the environment.
(iii) Trees provide us with many-useful substances. To obtain fuel wood, when trees are cut down, all useful substances obtained from trees are lost.
Question. 37 Forest fire produces a lot of air pollution. Write in brief about the reasons for forest fires.
Answer. The reasons for forest fires are :
(i) At high temperatures, sometimes dry grass catches fire which spreads throughout the forest.
(ii) Campfire may also be a reason.
(iii) Due to the spark of lightning from the sky.
(iv) The use of fires by villagers to ward off wild animals.
(v) Fire lit intentionally by people living around forests for recreation.
(vi) Fires started accidentally by careless visitors to forests when they throw away lighted cigarettes in the forest.
(vii) The friction of bamboo due to high wind velocity and rolling stones.
Question. 38 Complete the crossword with the help of the clues.
Across
1. Non-metal, which catches fire if exposed to air. (10)
3. The lowest temperature at which a substance catches fire is its …………. temperature. (8)
5. The most common fire extinguisher. (5)
Down
2. A chemical process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give off heat. (10)
4. Petrol is used as a ………….. in automobiles. (4)
6. It is as hard as stone and black. (4)
Answer. Across
1. Phosphorus 3. Ignition 5. Water
Down
2. Combustion 4, Fuel 6. Coal
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