Table of Contents
What is Arithmetic?
Arithmetic is the mathematics of whole numbers and their operations. Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are the basic operations of arithmetic.
History of Arithmetic
The history of arithmetic is long and varied. It is believed that arithmetic originated with the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians, who used arithmetic to aid in the measurement of land, the counting of goods, and the calculation of taxes. The Egyptians were particularly skilled in arithmetic and used a variety of methods to calculate sums, including the use of fractions and the use of a special abacus known as the Rhind Papyrus.
The Babylonians were also pioneers in the field of arithmetic and developed a number system that used base 60. This number system was eventually adopted by the Greeks and the Romans and is still in use today.
The modern form of arithmetic was developed in the 17th century by mathematicians such as Pierre de Fermat and René Descartes. These mathematicians refined the techniques of algebra and geometry, which in turn led to the development of calculus in the 18th century.
A. Addition
and Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions
In algebra, addition and subtraction are operations that are used to simplify equations. They are usually used to combine like terms. Like terms are terms that have the same variables raised to the same powers.
For example, in the equation 2x + 3x = 5x, the terms 2x and 5x are like terms. They both have the variable x raised to the power of 2. The terms 3x and 0 are not like terms. They have different variables raised to different powers.
To add or subtract algebraic expressions, you can use the following steps:
1. Combine like terms.
2. Add or subtract the numbers outside of the parentheses.
3. Add or subtract the parentheses first, and then add or subtract the numbers inside the parentheses.
4. If there are parentheses within parentheses, add or subtract the innermost parentheses first, and then the outermost parentheses.
Here is an example:
3x + 4x – 5x
In this equation, the terms 3x and 4x are like terms. They both have the variable x raised to the power of 2. The term 5x is not like terms. It has the variable x raised to the power of 1.
To simplify this equation, you can use the following steps:
1. Combine like terms.
3x + 4x = 7
B. Subtraction
C. Addition
D. Division
B. Addition
C. Multiplication
D. Addition
C. Multiplication
D. Division
of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
E. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
F. Department of Veterans Affairs, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders, Denver, Colorado
G. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
What is Bodmas?
Bodmas is an acronym for the order of operations that should be followed when solving mathematical equations. The acronym stands for:
B rackets
O f
D ivision
M ultiplication
A ddition
S ubtraction
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