Table of Contents
Definition of Matrix
A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or other objects. The numbers in a matrix are usually denoted by lowercase letters, while the symbols are usually denoted by uppercase letters.
Introduction to Matrices
A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or other objects. The numbers in a matrix are usually denoted by lowercase letters, and the rows and columns are usually numbered.
A matrix has a number of properties that can be used to describe it. For example, the matrix
A =
has the following properties:
A is a 2×3 matrix.
A has six entries: A[1,1], A[1,2], A[1,3], A[2,1], A[2,2], A[2,3].
A is symmetric: A[1,2] = A[2,1].
A is positive semidefinite: A[1,1] ≥ 0 and A[1,2] ≥ 0.
A =
has the following properties:
A is a 3×2 matrix.
A has six entries: A[1,1], A[1,2], A[1,3], A[2,1], A[2,2], A[2,3].
A is symmetric: A[1,2] = A[2,1].
A is positive semidefinite: A[1,1] ≥ 0 and A[1,2] ≥ 0.
Introduction to Matrix Algebra: Addition, Subtraction, and Multiplication
Matrix algebra is a powerful tool for solving mathematical problems. In matrix algebra, a matrix is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or other mathematical objects. The numbers in a matrix are called its elements, or entries.
Matrix addition is the simplest type of matrix operation. To add two matrices, simply add the corresponding elements of the matrices together. For example, the addition of the matrices
A =
[1 2 3]B =
[4 5 6]C =
[7 8 9]would produce the matrix
C =
[1 2 3] [4 5 6] [7 8 9]Introduction to Matrices and Determinants
A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or other mathematical objects. The numbers in a matrix are usually denoted by lowercase letters, while the symbols are usually denoted by uppercase letters. The first number in a matrix is located in the upper left-hand corner, and the last number is located in the lower right-hand corner.
A determinant is a mathematical object that is associated with a square matrix. The determinant of a matrix is a number that is located in the lower right-hand corner of the matrix. The determinant of a matrix is usually denoted by the symbol det.
Concept of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
An eigenvector or characteristic vector of a square matrix A is a nonzero vector v satisfying the equation
Av = λv,
where λ is a scalar called the eigenvalue associated with v. If v is an eigenvector of A, then A is called an eigenvalue matrix, and λ is called the eigenvalue of v.
If λ is not zero, then v is an eigenvector of A and A is said to be diagonalizable. If λ is zero, then v is not an eigenvector of A.
