Table of Contents
Class 12 Biology introduces a variety of topics that are important for students preparing for Board Exam as well as competitive exams. Medical aspirants love this subject as it carries weightage in medical entrance exams like NEET Exam and JIPMER. All the chapters are equally important when it comes to preparing for competitive exams. However, this article highlights those topics that require special focus.
Also Check: CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024
Unit: Reproduction
Chapter 1 – Reproduction in Organisms
Important Topics: Biology class 12
Chapter 2 – Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Important Topics:
- Pre-Fertilization Events
- Inbreeding depression
- Double Fertilization
Chapter 3 – Human Reproduction
Important Topics:
- Gametogenesis, Fertilization, and Events of Pregnancy
Chapter 4 – Reproductive Health
Important Topics:
- Birth control methods
- Sexually transmitted diseases
- Techniques to treat infertility
Tips
- The basics of this unit are covered in class 10. However, in class 12, certain sections are covered in detail.
- Focus on Reproduction in plants – definition of double fertilization with mechanism is often asked in exams.
- Under human reproduction – the process of reproduction should not be missed.
Unit: Genetics and Evolution
Chapter 5 – Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Important Topics:
- Mendel’s Laws
- Post-Mendelian Genetics
- Chromosomal Disorders and Pedigree analysis
Chapter 6 – Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Important Topics:
- Structure of DNA
- Experiments by F. Griffith, Hershey & Chase, and Meselson & Stahl
- Mechanism- replication, transcription, and translation
- Salient features of genetic code
- Lac Operon
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Important Topics:
- Homologous and analogous organs
- Adaptive radiation
- Hardy-Weinberg principle
Tips
- While preparing for the exam, focus on topics like Mendel and its crosses, post-Mendelian genetics, and chromosomal disorders.
- The second chapter in this unit – the molecular basis of inheritance comprises a structure of DNA and all the experiments related to that and genetic code on Operon theory, which are important from an exam point of view.
- In the chapter on evolution, the important topics are – the difference between analogous and homologous organs, the Hardy-Weinberg principle, and adaptive radiation.
Unit: Biology in Human Welfare
Chapter 8 – Human Health and Disease
Important Topics:
- Life cycle of Plasmodium
- Causative agents of diseases and their mode of transmission
- Difference between innate and adaptive immunity
- AIDS and Drug Abuse
Chapter 9 – Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
Important Topics:
- Inbreeding and outbreeding
- Single-cell protein
Chapter 10 – Microbes in Human Welfare
Important Topics:
- Microbes and their products
- Sewage treatment
- Biogas production
Tips
- This unit is associated with the role of biology in human development and welfare.
- It sheds light on different areas. So you can understand the central idea of this unit.
- Keeping the NEET entrance exam in mind, you must understand the difference between innate and adaptive immunity, AIDS (its causes, treatment, and the structure of the AIDS virus).
- The most frequently asked questions from this unit come from topics =sewage treatment and biogas production.
Unit: Biotechnology
Chapter 11 – Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
Important Topics:
- Restriction enzymes
- Cloning vectors
- Transformation processes
Chapter 12 – Biotechnology and Its Applications
Important Topics:
- Bt cotton
- RNA interference
- Gene therapy
- Genetically engineered insulin
Tips
- You can expect short answer questions from this topic, as this unit is mostly application-based.
- Cloning vectors, Bt cotton, and PCR technology are a few important topics.
- From the NEET entrance exam point of view, you must go through this chapter thoroughly. However, if you are preparing for the board exam alone, you can focus on selected topics.
Unit: Ecology and Environment
Chapter 13 – Organisms and Population
Important Topics:
- Population interactions
Important Topics:
- Pyramids of number, energy, and biomass
- Nutrient cycling
- Ecological Succession
Chapter 15 – Biodiversity and Conservation
Important Topics:
- Causes of biodiversity losses
Chapter 16 – Environmental Issues
Important Topics:
- Air pollution
- Eutrophication and Bio magnification
Tips
- This unit is easy to understand, and you can score good marks in it.
- You can expect both short and long answer type questions from this topic. Important topics include nutrient cycling, population interaction and various pyramids, air pollution, and Ecological succession.
- Definition of Eutrophication and biological magnification are important from an exam point of view.
FAQs on CBSE Class 12 Biology
What are the most important topics in Biology class 12?
The most important topics in Biology class 12 include Genetics and Evolution, Reproduction in Organisms, Biotechnology, Ecology, Human Health and Disease, and more.
How can I get full marks in Biology class 12 board exam?
To score full marks in Biology class 12 board exam, focus on understanding the concepts thoroughly, practice diagrams and labeling, revise regularly, and solve previous years' question papers.
How to score 70 70 in Biology Class 12?
To score 70+ marks in Biology class 12, create a study schedule, understand the weightage of each unit, practice writing answers, and focus on key diagrams and definitions.
What are the important questions in Biology class 12?
The important questions in Biology class 12 are typically related to diagrams, processes, and definitions. It's essential to cover all topics, but focus on areas such as reproduction, genetics, and ecology for important questions.
