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Molecular Basis of Inheritance NEET Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance NEET Questions focus on understanding the fundamental processes of genetic inheritance, including DNA replication, transcription, translation, and gene regulation. Key topics often covered in NEET exams include the structure of DNA, the function of RNA, the role of enzymes like DNA polymerase, and the mechanisms of mutation and genetic variation. To excel in these questions, it’s important to have a strong grasp of molecular biology concepts, as they form the foundation of genetic inheritance.
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Molecular Basis of Inheritance NEET Questions
The chapter “Molecular Basis of Inheritance” plays a crucial role in NEET, as it covers essential topics related to genetic mechanisms. NEET questions from this chapter often test students on DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, and gene regulation, which are fundamental concepts in genetics. By practicing Molecular Basis of Inheritance NEET questions, students can strengthen their understanding of these critical processes and improve their chances of scoring well in the exam. Mastering this chapter is important because it lays the foundation for understanding heredity, variation, and gene function, all of which are frequently asked in NEET.
Molecular Basis of Inheritance NEET Questions with Answers
1. What part does DNA ligase play in the replication of DNA?
a) Synthesizing RNA primers
b) Sealing Okazaki fragments
c) Unwinding the DNA strands
d) Proofreading the newly synthesized DNA
Answer: b) Sealing Okazaki fragments
2. Which of the following forms the backbone of the DNA molecule?
a) Nitrogen bases
b) Phosphates and sugars
c) Ribose and deoxyribose
d) Amino acids
Answer: b) Phosphates and sugars
3. In a DNA molecule, the ratio of adenine to thymine is always:
a) 1:1
b) 2:1
c) 3:1
d) Variable
Answer: a) 1:1
4. What type of bond holds together the complementary nitrogen bases in a DNA double helix?
a) Covalent bonds
b) Hydrogen bonds
c) Ionic bonds
d) Peptide bonds
Answer: b) Hydrogen bonds
5. Which of the following nitrogenous bases is present in RNA but not in DNA?
a) Adenine
b) Thymine
c) Uracil
d) Guanine
Answer: c) Uracil
6. The enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template is:
a) DNA polymerase
b) RNA polymerase
c) Helicase
d) Ligase
Answer: b) RNA polymerase
7. What kind of mutation occurs when one base pair in the DNA sequence is replaced by another?
a) Insertion
b) Deletion
c) Substitution
d) Frameshift
Answer: c) Substitution
8. A point mutation that does NOT alter the amino acid sequence of a protein is called a:
a) Missense mutation
b) Silent mutation
c) Nonsense mutation
d) Frameshift mutation
Answer: b) Silent mutation
9. In prokaryotes, the process of transcription and translation occurs:
a) Simultaneously
b) One after the other in the nucleus
c) Only after DNA replication is complete
d) Only after cell division
Answer: a) Simultaneously
10. Which nitrogenous base is exclusive to RNA?
a. Adenine
b. Thymine
c. Uracil
d. Guanine
Answer: c. Uracil
11. The structural form of the DNA molecule is:
a. Linear
b. Circular
c. Helical
d. None of the above
Answer: c. Helical
12. In DNA, adenine pairs with which nitrogenous base?
a. Thymine
b. Cytosine
c. Guanine
d. Uracil
Answer: a. Thymine
13. How many letters make up the genetic code?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
Answer: b. 3
14. What is considered a point mutation?
a. A single nucleotide deletion
b. A single nucleotide addition
c. A single nucleotide substitution
d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
15. Which enzyme is not involved in transcription?
a. RNA polymerase
b. DNA polymerase
c. Promoter region
d. Terminator region
Answer: b. DNA polymerase
16. The fundamental units of DNA are called:
a. Amino acids
b. Nucleotides
c. Fatty acids
d. Monosaccharides
Answer: b. Nucleotides
17. DNA replication occurs during which phase of the cell cycle?
a. Interphase
b. Prophase
c. Metaphase
d. Anaphase
Answer: a. Interphase
18. The process of converting DNA into RNA is known as:
a. Transcription
b. Translation
c. Replication
d. Transformation
Answer: a. Transcription
19. Which enzyme joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication?
a. DNA ligase
b. DNA polymerase III
c. DNA helicase
d. DNA polymerase I
Answer: a. DNA ligase
20. Which genetic disorder is caused by the lack of an enzyme required for DNA repair?
a. Cystic fibrosis
b. Hemophilia
c. Xeroderma pigmentosum
d. Down syndrome
Answer: c. Xeroderma pigmentosum
21. In RNA, the base uracil replaces thymine found in DNA. True or False?
a. True
b. False
Answer: a. True
22. Which genetic disorder results from a point mutation that causes the substitution of valine for glutamic acid in hemoglobin?
a. Cystic fibrosis
b. Sickle cell anemia
c. Huntington’s disease
d. Down syndrome
Answer: b. Sickle cell anemia
24. Where does RNA polymerase bind to initiate transcription?
a. Promoter
b. Exon
c. Intron
d. Enhancer
Answer: a. Promoter
26. During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for adding new nucleotides?
a. DNA ligase
b. DNA polymerase
c. RNA polymerase
d. Helicase
Answer: b. DNA polymerase
27. Which of the following correctly describes the structure of DNA?
a. Single-stranded helix
b. Double-stranded helix
c. Triple-stranded helix
d. Quadruple-stranded helix
Answer: b. Double-stranded helix
28. The process of creating a complementary RNA strand from DNA is called:
a. Translation
b. Replication
c. Transcription
d. Mutation
Answer: c. Transcription
