BlogNEETMolecular Basis of Inheritance NEET Questions 2024

Molecular Basis of Inheritance NEET Questions 2024

Molecular Basis of Inheritance NEET Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance NEET Questions focus on understanding the fundamental processes of genetic inheritance, including DNA replication, transcription, translation, and gene regulation. Key topics often covered in NEET exams include the structure of DNA, the function of RNA, the role of enzymes like DNA polymerase, and the mechanisms of mutation and genetic variation. To excel in these questions, it’s important to have a strong grasp of molecular biology concepts, as they form the foundation of genetic inheritance.

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    Molecular Basis of Inheritance NEET Questions

    The chapter “Molecular Basis of Inheritance” plays a crucial role in NEET, as it covers essential topics related to genetic mechanisms. NEET questions from this chapter often test students on DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, and gene regulation, which are fundamental concepts in genetics. By practicing Molecular Basis of Inheritance NEET questions, students can strengthen their understanding of these critical processes and improve their chances of scoring well in the exam. Mastering this chapter is important because it lays the foundation for understanding heredity, variation, and gene function, all of which are frequently asked in NEET.

    Molecular Basis of Inheritance NEET Questions with Answers

    1. What part does DNA ligase play in the replication of DNA?
    a) Synthesizing RNA primers
    b) Sealing Okazaki fragments
    c) Unwinding the DNA strands
    d) Proofreading the newly synthesized DNA
    Answer: b) Sealing Okazaki fragments

    2. Which of the following forms the backbone of the DNA molecule?
    a) Nitrogen bases
    b) Phosphates and sugars
    c) Ribose and deoxyribose
    d) Amino acids
    Answer: b) Phosphates and sugars

    3. In a DNA molecule, the ratio of adenine to thymine is always:
    a) 1:1
    b) 2:1
    c) 3:1
    d) Variable
    Answer: a) 1:1

    4. What type of bond holds together the complementary nitrogen bases in a DNA double helix?
    a) Covalent bonds
    b) Hydrogen bonds
    c) Ionic bonds
    d) Peptide bonds
    Answer: b) Hydrogen bonds

    5. Which of the following nitrogenous bases is present in RNA but not in DNA?
    a) Adenine
    b) Thymine
    c) Uracil
    d) Guanine
    Answer: c) Uracil

    6. The enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template is:
    a) DNA polymerase
    b) RNA polymerase
    c) Helicase
    d) Ligase
    Answer: b) RNA polymerase

    7. What kind of mutation occurs when one base pair in the DNA sequence is replaced by another?
    a) Insertion
    b) Deletion
    c) Substitution
    d) Frameshift
    Answer: c) Substitution

    8. A point mutation that does NOT alter the amino acid sequence of a protein is called a:
    a) Missense mutation
    b) Silent mutation
    c) Nonsense mutation
    d) Frameshift mutation
    Answer: b) Silent mutation

    9. In prokaryotes, the process of transcription and translation occurs:
    a) Simultaneously
    b) One after the other in the nucleus
    c) Only after DNA replication is complete
    d) Only after cell division
    Answer: a) Simultaneously

    10. Which nitrogenous base is exclusive to RNA?
    a. Adenine
    b. Thymine
    c. Uracil
    d. Guanine
    Answer: c. Uracil

    11. The structural form of the DNA molecule is:
    a. Linear
    b. Circular
    c. Helical
    d. None of the above
    Answer: c. Helical

    12. In DNA, adenine pairs with which nitrogenous base?
    a. Thymine
    b. Cytosine
    c. Guanine
    d. Uracil
    Answer: a. Thymine

    13. How many letters make up the genetic code?
    a. 2
    b. 3
    c. 4
    d. 5
    Answer: b. 3

    14. What is considered a point mutation?
    a. A single nucleotide deletion
    b. A single nucleotide addition
    c. A single nucleotide substitution
    d. All of the above
    Answer: d. All of the above

    15. Which enzyme is not involved in transcription?
    a. RNA polymerase
    b. DNA polymerase
    c. Promoter region
    d. Terminator region
    Answer: b. DNA polymerase

    16. The fundamental units of DNA are called:
    a. Amino acids
    b. Nucleotides
    c. Fatty acids
    d. Monosaccharides
    Answer: b. Nucleotides

    17. DNA replication occurs during which phase of the cell cycle?
    a. Interphase
    b. Prophase
    c. Metaphase
    d. Anaphase

    Answer: a. Interphase

    18. The process of converting DNA into RNA is known as:
    a. Transcription
    b. Translation
    c. Replication
    d. Transformation

    Answer: a. Transcription

    19. Which enzyme joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication?
    a. DNA ligase
    b. DNA polymerase III
    c. DNA helicase
    d. DNA polymerase I

    Answer: a. DNA ligase

    20. Which genetic disorder is caused by the lack of an enzyme required for DNA repair?
    a. Cystic fibrosis
    b. Hemophilia
    c. Xeroderma pigmentosum
    d. Down syndrome

    Answer: c. Xeroderma pigmentosum

    21. In RNA, the base uracil replaces thymine found in DNA. True or False?
    a. True
    b. False

    Answer: a. True


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    22. Which genetic disorder results from a point mutation that causes the substitution of valine for glutamic acid in hemoglobin?
    a. Cystic fibrosis
    b. Sickle cell anemia
    c. Huntington’s disease
    d. Down syndrome

    Answer: b. Sickle cell anemia

    24. Where does RNA polymerase bind to initiate transcription?
    a. Promoter
    b. Exon
    c. Intron
    d. Enhancer

    Answer: a. Promoter

    26. During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for adding new nucleotides?
    a. DNA ligase
    b. DNA polymerase
    c. RNA polymerase
    d. Helicase

    Answer: b. DNA polymerase

    27. Which of the following correctly describes the structure of DNA?
    a. Single-stranded helix
    b. Double-stranded helix
    c. Triple-stranded helix
    d. Quadruple-stranded helix

    Answer: b. Double-stranded helix

    28. The process of creating a complementary RNA strand from DNA is called:
    a. Translation
    b. Replication
    c. Transcription
    d. Mutation

    Answer: c. Transcription

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