ISRO Full Form – Indian Space Research Organization

ISRO Full Form: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is the authority engaged in research, development, and execution of projects related to space technology in India. Its objective is to take India to the forefront of space programs.

ISRO aims to make significant progress in the scientific research using advanced technology and utilise the knowledge about outer space to benefit humanity.

This blog provides a thorough overview of ISRO full form, including its activities and key achievements, to help you understand its significance in India’s advancement and worldwide recognition in space programs.

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Full Form of ISRO

The full form of ISRO is Indian Space Research Organisation. ISRO has taken the lead role in developing and executing various space programs in India. Some of the remarkable initiatives by ISRO are as follows:

• Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system utilises satellite communication to enhance telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, and disaster prediction capabilities.
• IRS (Indian Remote Sensing) satellites installed in the Earth’s orbit monitor the resources in space and provide data for analysis.
• SLV-3, PSLV, and GSLV are the launch vehicles designed to place satellites in Earth’s orbit.

ISRO significantly contributes to the education, research, and applications of space science in the Indian context.

Space explorations have provided valuable insights for scientists and help enhance the understanding of space and the Earth. ISRO’s space-based studies and projects provide numerous benefits to help India progress technologically and economically.

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ISRO History

India’s space research program began in 1962 with the formation of the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) under the Department of Atomic Energy.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was established in 1969, replacing INCOSPAR. The Department of Space (DOS) was formed in 1972, and ISRO became a part of it.

ISRO Centres

ISRO operates through dedicated centres involved in activities related to various aspects of space research and the development, leading to successful explorations. The ISRO centres and their activities are mentioned below:

• Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Thiruvananthapuram: It is responsible for designing, developing, and implementing launch vehicles.
• U R Rao Satellite Centre (URSC), Bengaluru: It takes care of the design and development of different satellites.
• Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota: It works on the integration of launch vehicles and satellites.
• Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC), Valiamala and Bengaluru: It develops liquid propulsion systems for cryogenic engines. Space Applications Centre (SAC), Ahmedabad, focuses on communication and remote sensing satellites.
• National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad: It handles the data received from remote sensing satellites.
• ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU), Thiruvananthapuram: It designs and develops systems and components for launch vehicles and spacecraft.
• ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC), Mahendragiri: It handles the development of liquid rocket engines and their assemblies.
• ISRO Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC), Bengaluru: It offers network support in launching and monitoring satellites in orbit.
• Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS), Bengaluru: It develops specialised sensors and components for space applications.
• Master Control Facility (MCF), Hassan: It is responsible for the control and maintenance of geostationary satellites.
• Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), Dehradun: It conducts research and training in remote sensing and its applications in space exploration.
• Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC), Bengaluru: It manages human spaceflight missions.

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ISRO Activities

The Indian Space Research Organisation is actively engaged in space-based studies and applications, developing technologies, and effectively implementing space monitoring and navigation systems. The key ISRO activities are mentioned below:

1. Satellite and Launch Vehicle Development
   The primary function of ISRO is to design and develop satellites and launch vehicles to place these satellites into orbit.
2. Space Science Research
   ISRO is involved in various space science research on astronomical observations, lunar missions, and planetary explorations.
3. Satellite Applications
   ISRO’s satellite-based applications help monitor atmospheric changes and send warning signals for potential natural disasters.
4. Planetary Exploration
   ISRO has successfully conducted Moon and Mars missions. They are planning future missions to other planets.
5. Human Spaceflight
   ISRO has completed its spaceflight capability programs, which will demonstrate the ability to send humans into space.
6. Research and Development
   ISRO conducts research and development across various space-related technologies, including materials, equipment, and satellite communication systems.
7. Supporting Institutions
   ISRO supports various research centres and autonomous institutions focusing on education, design, and applications in remote sensing, astronomy, atmospheric sciences, satellite launching, etc.

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ISRO Achievements

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has achieved numerous milestones in space exploration and technology. The significant ISRO achievements are mentioned below:

Launch Missions

• Aryabhata (1975): It was India’s first satellite launched with the support of the Soviet Union.
• SLV-3 (1980): It was ISRO’s first indigenous launch vehicle. It placed the Rohini satellite into orbit.
• The INSAT System: It is a domestic satellite used for providing communication, broadcasting, and weather forecasting services.
• PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle): A highly versatile launch vehicle for launching satellites into various orbits.
• GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle: It helps launch heavier satellites into the Earth’s orbit.
• GSLV Mk III: An advanced launch vehicle capable of carrying heavier satellites. It would be ideal for future missions with humans.

Lunar Missions

• Chandrayaan-1 (2008): It was India’s first lunar mission. The significant achievement of this mission was the discovery of water molecules on the Moon.
• Chandrayaan-2 (2019): It aimed to explore the Moon’s south polar region, although the lander lost contact during descent.
• Chandrayaan-3 (2023): ISRO successfully executed the landing of a spacecraft near the Moon’s south pole. It makes India the first country to achieve this.

Mars Missions

Mangalyaan (2013): ISRO successfully placed a spacecraft into Mars orbit in its first attempt. India was the first Asian nation and fourth space agency worldwide to reach Mars.

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Conclusion

ISRO’s full form is: Indian Space Research Organisation. It has worked for over fifty years to lead India’s space research and exploration programs. It has made some significant achievements in placing India in a prominent position in the global landscape.

ISRO’s continuous development of space technology, satellite launch, and successful missions on the Moon and Mars demonstrate India’s capability to step into outer space confidently and successfully.

ISRO Full Form Frequently Asked Questions

Who is considered the father of the Indian space program?

Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai is considered the father of the Indian space program.

Who was India’s first astronaut in space?

Rakesh Sharma was the first Indian astronaut in space.

Who was the first Indian astronaut to visit the International Space Station?

Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla was the first Indian astronaut to visit the International Space Station (ISS) in 2025.

What was ISRO’s 100th launch in space?

ISRO’s 100th launch was from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota, sending the GSLV-F15 to deploy the NVS-02 satellite.