NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of Indian Economy

Our professional staff prepares NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of the Indian Economy after conducting an extensive study. NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science might help students who are having trouble finding answers to the exercise issues. These responses will aid them in effectively expressing their responses. They can also use these answers to study for their CBSE Term I exams.

NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2

Ques 1. Fill in the blanks using the correct option given in the bracket:

(i) Employment in the service sector _________ increased to the same extent as production. (has / has not)

(ii) Workers in the _________ sector do not produce goods. (tertiary / agricultural)

(iii) Most of the workers in the _________ sector enjoy job security. (organized / unorganized)

(iv) A _________ proportion of labourers in India are working in the unorganized sector. (large / small)

(v) Cotton is a _________ product and cloth is a _________ product. (natural /manufactured)

(vi) The activities in primary, secondary and tertiary sectors are_________ (independent / interdependent)

1. has not
2. tertiary
3.  organized
4. large
5. natural, manufactured
6.  interdependent

Also Check: NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Understanding of Economic Development

Ques 2. Choose the most appropriate answer.

(a) The sectors are classified into public and private sectors on the basis of:

(i) employment conditions

(ii) the nature of the economic activity

(iii) ownership of enterprises

(iv) number of workers employed in the enterprise

(b) Production of a commodity, mostly through the natural process, is an activity in _________ sector.

(i) primary

(ii) secondary

(iii) tertiary

Also Read: NCERT Solutions for Class 10

(c) GDP is the total value of _________ produced during a particular year.

(i) all goods and services

(ii) all final goods and services

(iii) all intermediate goods and services

(iv) all intermediate and final goods and services

(d) In terms of GDP the share of tertiary sector in 2013-14 is between _________ per cent.

(i) 20 to 30

(ii) 30 to 40

(iii) 50 to 60

(iv) 60 to 70

Match the following:

Answer:

Ques 4. Find the odd one out and say why.

(i) Tourist guide, dhobi, tailor, potter

Ans. Tourist Guide is the odd one out because he or she is appointed by the Government Department but tailor, dhobi, and potter own their private work.

(ii) Teacher, doctor, vegetable vendor, lawyer

Ans. The Vegetable vendor is the odd one out because he works in the primary sector, while jobs of teacher, lawyer, and doctor come under the tertiary sector.

(iii) Postman, cobbler, soldier, police constable

Ans. Cobbler is the odd one out because he works in the private sector while the postman, soldier, and police constable work for the public sector or the organized sector.

(iv) MTNL, Indian Railways, Air India, Jet Airways, All India Radio

Ans. Jet Airways is the odd one out because it is owned by a private company and MTNL, Indian Railways, Air India, and All India Radio are owned by the Government of India

Also Check: NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Understanding of Economic Development Chapter 4

Ques 5. A research scholar looked at the working people in the city of Surat and found the following.

Complete the table. What is the percentage of workers in the unorganized sector in this city?

Answer:

Ques 6. Do you think the classification of economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary is useful? Explain how.

Ans. i) The classification of economic activities into primary, secondary, and tertiary is useful, as it helps to classify the different occupations that are taken up by the people in the country and how much each sector contributes to the growth of the country.

ii) It is also important because it helps in asserting which sector contributes the most to the GDP and which sector has the scope to employ more people and increase the National Income.

Ques 7. For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter why should one focus on employment and GDP? Could there be other issues that should be examined? Discuss.

Ans. Employment and GDP are two of the most important factors in the development of a country. Employment and GDP are used to calculate the overall productivity and National income of a country. If a country has a high employment rate, its GDP, National Income, and per capita income will automatically increase. Hence, these are the two things that have been given major emphasis in this chapter.

Other issues which should be examined are as follows:

i) Health care facilities

ii) Education

iii) Poverty

iv) Food Production

v) Nourishment

Ques 8. Make a long list of all kinds of work that you find adults around you doing for a living. In what way can you classify them? Explain your choice.

Ans. When we see people around us, we can classify the activities they perform into three sectors: primary, secondary, and tertiary.

1. Activities like cleaning, agriculture, selling vegetables are examples of the primary sector.
2. Manufacturing of goods is an example of the secondary sector.
3. Teaching, mining, banking, transportation are all examples of the tertiary sector.

Ques 9. How is the tertiary sector different from other sectors? Illustrate with a few examples.

Ans.

1. The are activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors are called tertiary activities.
2. These activities are different from the primary and secondary sector activities. These activities, by themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aid or support for the production process. For example, goods that are produced in the primary or secondary sector would need to be transported by trucks or trains and then sold in wholesale and retail shops.
3. These transportation facilities and shopkeepers come under the tertiary sector. They do not produce goods but play a very important role in selling and bringing those goods to the market.

Ques 10. What do you understand by disguised unemployment? Explain with an example each from the urban and rural areas.

Ans. The situation of underemployment, where people are apparently working but all of them are made to work less than their potential is called disguised unemployment. In this case, the person considers himself employed but is actually not working.

1. In rural areas, where agriculture is the main source of income, this kind of unemployment can be seen often. If a piece of land requires only three people to work on it and instead five people are working on it, then the two extra people are said to be in a situation of disguised unemployment.
2. In urban areas, disguised unemployment is seen when painters, plumbers, electricians are unable to find work on a daily basis and work way less than their potential.

Ques 11. Distinguish between open unemployment and disguised unemployment.

Ans. Open unemployment is when a person is willing to work, is educated but is unable to get a job and work. This kind of unemployment is visible. On the other hand, disguised unemployment is when a person is apparently working but is made to work less than his or her potential. This kind of employment is quite evident in villages where people working in farms consider themselves employed but are actually working less than their potential.

Ques 12. “Tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of Indian economy.” Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Ans. No, this is not correct. The tertiary sector is playing a significant role in the development of the Indian Economy. In the year 2003, the tertiary sector replaced the primary sector as the most producing sector in the country. A few reasons to support this are given below:

1. The primary and secondary sectors can only flourish if the tertiary sector is there to support them.
2. The tertiary sector adds up a lot to the National income of the country.
3. Education, which is the basis of everything, comes under the tertiary sector. A person working as a teacher comes under the tertiary sector.
4. This sector provides the maximum employment opportunities to the people in the country.

Ques 13. Service sector in India employs two different kinds of people. Who are these?

Ans. Service sector in India employs two different types of people. These people are:

1. Highly Skilled labour, which includes teachers, bankers, IT officials, etc. These people are permanently employed.
2. Less Skilled Labour, which includes vendors, electricians, plumber, etc. These people are not permanently employed.

Ques 14. Workers are exploited in the unorganized sector. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Ans. The unorganized sector is characterized by small and scattered units, which are largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations but these are not followed. Jobs here are low-paid and not regular. Hence, it is correct to say that workers are exploited in the unorganized sector because more work is taken from them in comparison to what they are paid. They have no provisions or extra pay for overtime and no medical benefits. The biggest problem in working in this sector is that there is no job security.

Ques 15. How are the activities in the economy classified on the basis of employment conditions?

Ans. On the basis of the employment conditions, the economy can be classified into two sectors:

1. Organised Sector: Enterprises registered under the Government of India, who have an employee-friendly environment and are provided with various facilities including high wages.
2. Unorganised Sector: Small and scattered units which are temporary. The employees in this sector are paid less.

Ques 16. Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organized and unorganized sectors.

Ans. In the organized sector, the employees are given higher wages, medical facilities, a healthy working environment, and their jobs are permanent. They are not liable to look for a new source of income each day. In the unorganized sector, the wages are low, the employees are exploited, no extra income for extra time is given, no medical facilities are provided and the work environment is unhealthy.

Ques 17. Explain the objective of implementing the NREGA 2005.

Ans. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 was introduced with an aim to ensure guaranteed 100 days of employment in a year to all those who are in need of work. It also states that in the case of employment not being provided under this act, employment wages will be given to those left unemployed. Additional employment opportunities need to be created for people in villages and smaller towns.

Ques 18. Using examples from your area compare and contrast the activities and functions of private and public sectors.

Ans.

Ques 19. Discuss and fill the following table giving one example each from your area.

Ans. Student Activity

Ques 20. Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government has taken them up.

Ans.

• In the public sector, the government owns most of the assets and provides all the services. The public sector activities are set for the betterment of the public itself. The reason the government has taken up the public sector is so that basic facilities can be provided to the people of the country at a reasonable cost.
• There are several things needed by society as a whole but which the private sector will not provide at a reasonable cost.
• Banks, transport, irrigation, electricity, water, and all the basic things that are necessary for people, come under the public sector. Providing these facilities to its citizens is the responsibility of the Government.

Ques 21. Explain how the public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation.

Ans.

1. The public sector is the sector that comes under the government of India. The Government has to provide the basic necessities of people including water, electricity, irrigation, at a reasonable rate so that the poorer section also can avail these facilities.
2. If these departments are left unattended, it will result in the downfall of the economy of a country because the growth of the country would hamper.
3. The economic development of a country depends upon the development of the people and if people are deprived of the basic necessities, the country’s economic development would be affected.
4. Government encourages small and large industries to flourish and provides employment opportunities to all the sections of society.

Ques22. The workers in the unorganized sector need protection on the following issues: wages, safety, and health. Explain with examples.

Ans. The unorganized sector is characterized by small and scattered units, which are largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations but these are not followed.

The workers in the unorganized sector need protection:

1. Wages: For example, here wages are low and even not regular and there is the absence of provision for overtime, paid leave, etc. Hence proper and fixed wages should be given to these workers so that they can grow and contribute to the growth of the country.
2. Safety: For example, workers working in mines or crackers factories always face the element of risk.
3. Health: Health is a very important factor for the growth and development of the country. The unorganized sector is given no medical security and if any accident occurs while they are working, the employer is not responsible for their health. For example – there is no sick leave for labourers working on daily wages.

Ques 23. A study in Ahmedabad found that out of 15,00,000 workers in the city, 11,00,000 worked in the unorganized sector. The total income of the city in this year (1997-1998) was Rs 60,000 million. Out of this Rs 32,000 million was generated in the organized sector. Present this data as a table. What kind of ways should be thought of for generating more employment in the city?

Ans.

Total Workers	Workers in Unorganised Sector	Total Income of City (1997-1998)	Income generated by organised sector	Income generated by unorganised sector
15,00,000	11,00,000	60,000 million	32,000 million	28,000 million

The table clearly shows that the income generated in the unorganized sector is close to 50% of the total income of Ahmedabad. In order to increase employment opportunities for the people more industries should be set up, proper education must be provided to all and proper facilities under the public sector must be provided to all.

Ques 24. The following table gives the GDP in Rupees (Crores) by the three sectors: Year Primary Secondary Tertiary 2000 52,000 48,500 1,33,500 2013 8,00,500 10,74,000 38,68,000

1. Calculate the share of the three sectors in GDP for 2000 and 2013.

Ans.  In 2000, primary sector = 22.22%, secondary sector = 20.73%, tertiary sector = 57.04% And In 2013, primary sector = 13.94%, secondary sector = 18.70%, tertiary sector = 67.36%

2. Show the data as a bar diagram similar to Graph 2 in the chapter.

Ans. 3. What conclusions can we draw from the bar graph?

Ans.  We can draw the conclusion that the share of the tertiary sector in the GDP has increased by 10%, while that of the primary sector has almost halved. The secondary sector has grown by about 2% in the last 13 years.

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FAQs on NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2

In NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Economics Chapter 2, how many questions are there?

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Economics Sectors of the Economy has a total of 24 questions in the second chapter. The first question is a fill-in-the-blanks type question with six sub-questions. The second question is a multiple-choice question with four sub-questions. Match the following, locate the odd one out, and reason are the third and fourth types, respectively. There is one question about table interpretation, while the rest are short and lengthy response questions.

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Is it possible to use NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 to prepare for the CBSE Term I exam?

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