Ecology is concerned with four levels of biological organisation which are
The benthic organisms
Ecological niche is
Which of the following is not a feature of typical r-selected species?
Small fish stuck near the bottom of a shark and derives its nutrition from it. This kind of association is called
An association of individuals of different species living in the same habitat and having functional interactions is
Which one of the following best describes emigration in the context of population ecology?
Age pyramid of Indian population has heavier bottom (children are more) than its top (old people). It represents population
At high altitudes, the human body compensates low oxygen availability by the following, except
A symbiotic relationship where both of the co-existing species benefit from the interaction is termed
In order to avoid stressful unfavourable conditions, organisms escape in time by all the following, except
Animals that maintain a constant solute concentration of their body fluids different from that of the medium in which they live are called
MacArthur showed that five closely related species of warblers coexist on the same tree due to
The tiger census in our national parks and tiger reserves is often based on
In which of the following population interactions, one of the species is neither benefited nor harmed?
Shorter body extremities in animals living in colder climate is explained by
Pisaster is a keystone species without which 10 invertebrate species were extinct. Which of the following is correct with regard to this statement?
An animal is hiding itself in the background surrounding. This phenomenon is termed
The maximum number of individuals of a population which can be supported with optimum resources for their survival is
Keystone species need to be conserved as
Which of the following is an adaptation in polar seals to their environment?
A biologist studied the population of rats in a barn . He found that the average natality was 250, average mortality 240, immigration 20 and emigration 30. The net increase in population is
It is much easier for a small animal to run uphill than for a large animal, because
The principle of competitive exclusion was stated by
Niche is
Natality refers to
Biological control of pests is based on which of the following types of population interactions?
Organisms that can tolerate and thrive in a wide range of temperatures are termed
If there were 40 lotus plants in a pond and through reproduction 16 new plants are added in two years, taking the current population to 56, the birth rate is
In a hypothetical population of 100 individual having ‘r’ = 0.5/ female/ year, what will be the population size in 6 years (with e = 2.72) showing exponential rate of growth?
The kangaroo rat can survive in the desert without drinking water. Which of the following statement(s) is/are most appropriate explanation for this feature? (a) Its kidneys have long loops of Henle. (b) It conserves energy by excreting ammonia. (c) Air exhaled from its lungs becomes warm as it passes through the nose. (d) It gains water mainly from oxidation of fat.
The population interaction that acts as conduit for energy transfer across trophic levels is
Under normal conditions, the most important factors influencing population density are
Which of the following is not considered a parasite?
Which of the following is not a population attribute?
Calotropis is protected from herbivores by
Seven species of Anolis lizards feed on insects. Each species lives at a different height of a tree to avoid competition. This is an example of
Seals have a thick layer of fat (blubber) below their skin that acts as an
Select the correct pair of a host and brood parasite.
The two major factor which result in the formation of biomes are
The more realistic growth model for most animals species is
For most animal species, the more realistic growth model is
Which population interaction is a major basis for biological control methods?
The mean annual precipitation is maximum in which of the following biomes?
Select the morphological adaptations from the following and mark the correct option. a. Sunken stomata in desert plants. b. Sweating on a hot summer day. c. Fossorial habit of desert animals. d. Massive hind limbs of kangaroo rat. e. Anti-freeze proteins in the Antarctic fish.
Which of the following is an example for physiological adaptation?
Select the incorrect statement w.r.t. predator.
What is correct about the niche?
Which of the following is not an example of commensalism?
Which one of the following is a correct matching pair of certain organisms and the kind of association?
Consider the following statements A. The productivity and distribution of plants have nothing to do with water. B. Next to temperature, water is the most important factor influencing the life of organisms. C. Mammals from colder climates generally have longer ears and limbs to minimize heat loss. D. Life on Earth originated in water and is unsustainable without water. Of the above statements
A sedentary sea anemone gets attached to the shell lining of hermit crab. The association is
Most animals are tree dwellers in a
In which of the following interactions both partners are adversely affected?
The following graph depicts changes in two populations (A and B) of herbivores in a grassy field. A possible reason for these changes is that
The age pyramid with broad base indicates
Which one of the following is not a parasitic adaptation?
Benthic organisms are affected the most by
Which of the following is not a population interaction?
Jus t as a person moving from Delhi to Shimla to escape the heat for the duration of hot summer, thousands of migratory birds from Siberia and other extremely cold northern regions move to
When does the growth rate of a population following the logistic model equal zero? The logistic model is given as dN / dt = rN (K -N / K)
Gause’s principle of competitive exclusion states that
Which of the following is correct for r-selected species?
If’+’ sign is assigned to beneficial interaction, ‘- ‘ sign to detrimental and ‘O’ sign to neutral interaction, then the population interaction represented by’+”-‘ refers to
Asymptote in a logistic growth curve is obtained when
Mycorrhizae are the example of
In a growing population of a country,
Which one of the following population interactions is widely used in medical science for the production of antibiotics?
Match the following. Column I Column II (a) Competitive release (i) Barnacles (b) Competitive exclusion (ii) Abingdon tortoise (c) Resource partitioning (iii) Warbler birds (d) Biological control (iv) Cactus feeding moth
Select the option with correct match of population interaction and example. (a) Commensalism – Clown fish and sea anemone (b) Competition – Prickly pear cactus and moth (c) Predation – Sparrow and seeds (d) Mutualism – Mango tree and Orchid
Which of the following correctly describes the impact of a population attribute on population density?
Which of the following is not an attribute of a population ?
State of suspended metabolism shown by zooplankton during unfavourable condition is called
If ‘Nt’ is the population density at time t, ‘B’ is natality, ‘D’ is mortality, ‘I’ is immigration, ‘E’ is emigration then then the density of the population at time t +1 is
The impact of immigration on population density is
Match the items in Column I with those in Column II : Column I Column II (a) Herbivores-Plants (i) Commensalism (b) Mycorrhiza-Plants (ii) Mutualism (c) Sheep-Cattle (iii) Predation (d) Orchid-Tree (iv) Competition Select the correct option from following :
The type of interaction between copepods and marine fish is
Which one of these graphs correctly represents the response of most of the animals and nearly all plants to external temperature?
There were 20 lotus plants in a pond and through reproduction eight new plants are added in two years, taking the current population to 28. How do you calculate the birth rate?
Verhulst-Pearl equation describes
Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option Column I Column II (a) Plant and pollinator (i) Competition (b) Orchid and mango tree (ii) Commensalism (c) Crow and cuckoo (koel) (iii) Mutualism (d) Balanus and Chathamalus (iv) Brood parasitism
Carnivorous animals – lions and leopards, occupy the same niche but lions predate mostly larger animals and leopards take smaller ones. This mechanism of competition is referred to as
In the Dazao strain of Bombyx mori, the development of egg is arrested when the eggs are incubated under long-day conditions (18 h light:6 h dark) at 25 °C. This is an example of
Between which among the following, the relationship is not an example of commensalism?
Asymptote in a logistic growth curve is obtained when
Following are the major biomes of India, except
Analogy: sand in desert; in Polar regions
The trees that do not and cannot grow in temperate countries like Germany are
Which of the following mammals are not found in Kerala forests?
The geographical distribution of different species is largely determined by
The organisms which are tolerant to narrow range salinities are
The cues for foraging, migration and reproductive activities are
Aquatic animals living in freshwater bodies cannot survive in seas, because of
Select the correct statement from the following.
The process of maintaining constancy in the internal environment is called
The nature and properties of the soil is dependent on
Mammals thrive whether they live in Antarctica or in the Sahara desert. This is largely because
On a cold morning, we shiver. It is beneficial to
Mammals get relief from high temperature by
Majority of animals are
Select the correct one from the following
In aquatic many animals, the osmotic concentration of the body fluids change with that of the ambient air, water osmotic concentration. Such animals are called
Animals like shrews and ground squirrels can change their body temperature up match the ambient temperature up to a certain level and then maintain it steadily. Such animals are called
The correct statement w.r.t temperature regulation in humans is
Which of the following is ‘escape in space’ to avoid stressful environmental conditions?
Thousands of migratory birds from Siberia visit in India
The stage of suspended development in zooplankton of lakes and ponds during stressful external conditions is termed
Mammals from colder climates generally have shorter ears and limbs to minimize heat loss. This is called
How do the fish of Antarctica waters manage to prevent their body fluids from freezing?
Which of the following decreases the density of population? (I=immigration; E= emigration; B = Natality; D=mortality; N =Population density)
Select the correct one from the following population interactions.
The study of the interactions among organisms and between the organism and its physical environment is
Father of ecology in India is
Ecology at the organismic level is essentially
The annual mean precipitation ranges between 160 – 440 cm in
The key elements that lead to variation in the physical and chemical conditions of different habitats are
The position of a species within an ecosystem, describing both the range of conditions necessary for persistence of the species, and its ecological role in the ecosystem is termed
In which of the following biomes, the average temperature exceeds a hundred degrees Celsius?
Select the incorrect related to salinity of water
Which component of light spectrum is harmful to many organisms?
The sun is not a source of energy for the organisms living in
Vegetation in an area depends directly on all of the following, except
Which of the following is a deep inhabitant in the sea?
Select the incorrect statement, related to water.
Any attribute of the organism that enables the organism to survive and reproduce in its habitat is called
The adaptation(s) in many desert plants is/are
Small animals are very rarely found in Polar Regions because of
The mechanisms common to most mammals in regulating body temperature are
The pathway of photosynthesis in Opuntia is
A thick layer of fat under the skin in aquatic mammals essentially acts as
Visiting a place like Rohtang pass near Manali and Leh gives an uncomfortable feeling to the people who live in plains because of
Population ecology is a link between ecology, evolution and
If 4 individuals in a laboratory population of 40 fruit flies died during a specified time interval, say a week, the death rate in the population during that period is
Population size is measured
Mango, tuna fish and snow leopard are
Which of the following is not a population attribute?
If both pre-reproductive and post-reproductive age groups are smaller than the reproductive age group that age pyramid represents population
If in a pond there were 20 lotus plants last year and through reproduction 8 new plants are added, taking the current population to 28, calculate the birth rate
Under unfavourable conditions, many zooplankton species in lakes and ponds are known to enter a stage of suspended development called
Fossorial animals are relatively more abundant in
Which one of the following is an endoparasitic adaptation?
Select the correct pair with regard to organisms and their adaptations.
Which of the following are endotherms?
An age pyramid with a narrow base indicates
Select the correct combination based on population interactions between the individuals of two species (1 and 2) Type of Interaction Species -1 Species -2 A – – B + + C – 0
Mark the correct statement with regard to the given age pyramid.
In a logistic growth curve, the maximum growth rate occurs during
Select the correct answer with regard to the graph given below.
The type of population interaction observed in the given picture is
Population ecology links ecology to
Mark the wrong statement.
An organism slows down its metabolic activity for a certain time period due to high temperature in the surroundings. This type of response is called
Which of the following is probably the most important factor in the distribution of organisms in the environment?
A population on an isolated island remains at a relatively constant size year after year. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this?
Which of the following is not applicable to pelagic fishes?
Allen’s rule explains
The defensive mechanism of Monarch butterfly against its predators is
Which of the following is not true about predators?
Mark the correct combination.
Mark the wrong statement.
If the stressful external conditions are localised, the response of an organism is that it would
As a population showing logistic growth approaches its carrying capacity,
Two species, X and Y, are competing for the same resource (plant). Species X prefers to eat the leaves of the plant while species Y prefers to eat the fruits. This is an example of
As a population showing logistic growth approaches carrying capacity,
Barnacles growing on the back of a whale exemplify
In the equation dN dt = rN K – N K , ‘K’ represents
Mac Arthur showed that five species of warbler birds co-exist in the same habitat due to
Organisms that can tolerate and thrive in a wide range of temperatures are specifically termed
Which of the given population attributes cause an increase in population density?
Mark the correct statement with regard to abiotic factors.
For most animal species, the more realistic growth model is
Ants that live in the hollow thorns of Acacia feed on nectar produced by the tree and in turn protect it from the predators. Which type of population interaction is this?
Crassulacean acid metabolism is observed in
Food chains are typically short in Tundra because
Mark the correct combination with regard to population interactions.
Tundras are characterised by
Mark the euryhaline fish from the following.
Which of the following is true about kangaroo rat?
Which of the following has sunken stomata?
The percolation and water holding capacity of the soils is determined by which of the following? a. Soil composition b. Soil grain (particle) size c. Soil aggregation
Body heat is lost the fastest from the extremities. Which is the law that is based on this phenomenon?
Sediment characteristic of soil in aquatic ecosystem is the most important abiotic factor for
If the average global temperatures continue to increase, how would the distributional range of some species be affected?
Competition is best defined as a process in which
In the logistic growth equation dN/dt = rN(K–N)/K, carrying capacity is represented by
The prickly pear cactus introduced into Australia in the early 1920s became invasive because
In a field experiment, when Pisaster was removed from an enclosed intertidal area of the American Pacific Coast,
In the exponential growth curve, intrinsic rate of natural increase is represented by
Match the following and choose the correct option. Column I Column II (a) Sparrow – Seeds (i) Mutualism (b) Yucca – Moth (ii) Commensalism (c) Cuscuta – Shrubs (iii) Predation (d) Egret – Cattle (iv) Parasitism
Mortality
The nature and properties of soil vary in different places largely due to which of the following factors?
Mark the correct statement about mycorrhizae .
Competitive exclusion principle is stated by
An Urn-shaped population age pyramid represents
In which of the following population interactions, both the interacting species lose?
Which of the following organisms breed only once in a lifetime? a. Bamboo b. Pacific salmon fish c. Oysters d. Mammals
Which of the following is not a major abiotic factor?
Which of the following is the most important ecologically relevant environmental factor?
Select the correct match.
Which of the following interactions is detrimental (harmful) to at least one partner? (i) Predation (ii) Mutualism (iii) Commensalism (iv) Parasitism
The population interaction which led to the extinction of Abingdon tortoise in Galapagos Islands is
To keep away grazing animals, Calotropis produces
Which of the following employs sexual deceit for pollination?
In the aquatic environment, the sediment-characteristics often determine the type of
Exponential growth equation is
If a new habitat is just being colonised, then which of the following process contributes more significantly to population growth?
Study the following statements and select then option with correct statements. (i) A lion eating a deer and a sparrow feeding on grains are ecologically similar in being consumers. (ii) Predator star fish Pisaster helps in maintaining species diversity of some invertebrates. (iii) Predators ultimately lead to the extinction of prey species. (iv) Reserpine is the chemical produced by Calotropis to defend itself from grazing animals.
Which statement is related to S-shaped population curve?
Which of the following is not a character of plants with CAM pathway for photosynthesis?
The rate at which new born individuals are joining the population by reproduction is known as
Gause’s principle of competitive exclusion states that
If a population grows in a habitat with limited resources, then which of the following sequence of phases is observed?
Which kind of population interaction is found between organism showing psuedocopulation?
Which of the following statement correctly describe the competitive release?
Which of the following animals undergo aestivation?
Which of the following statement is false ?
Match the following and choose the correct option. Set – I Set – II a Rensch’s rule 1 Body size b Bergman’s rule 2 Wings c Allen’s rule 3 Vertebra number d Jordan’s rule 4 Organ size a b c d (1) 1 2 4 3 (2) 3 4 2 1 (3) 2 1 3 4 (4) 2 1 4 3
According to Bergmann’s rule, the mammals from cold climate have
‘If a superior competitor is removed from the area, there is always an increased population of the otherwise exploited species’. Above given phenomenon is according to
Which of the following curves corresponds to maximum growth?
The phenomenon of interaction between the member of two different species where one organism is being benefitted without affecting the other is
A logistic growth curve depicting a population that is limited by a definite carrying capacity is shaped like the letter
Which of the following will be least adversely affected by predation?
Identify the incorrect statement.
Individuals of one kind (species) occupying a particular geographic area at a given time form
Mammals from colder climates generally have shorter ears and limbs to minimize heat loss. This is called
In order for the human population to achieve zero population growth, which of the following must occur?
Carrying capacity of a population is determined by
Select the CORRECT option : Column I Column II A Predation (i) Cattle and egret B Commensalism (ii) Human and Plasmodium vivax C Parasitism (iii) Fungi and bacteria D Amensalism (iv) Cat and rat A B C D 1 ii i iv iii 2 i iv iii ii 3 iv i ii iii 4 iii iv ii i
If natality and mortality of a population are nearly same it will be termed as
Adaption is an attribute of the organism (morphological, physiological and behavioral) that enables the organism to
The population interactions in which one organism is harmed and the other is not affected and is widely used in medical science for the action of anitbiotics is
In a population of an area, the difference in the natality rate and mortality rate is zero in a particular year, but the population density has decreased. Which of the following may be the reason for that decrease?
A population that has not reached the carrying capacity is likely to
Read the following statement w.r.t predation and select the two wrong statements (i) Predators help in maintaining species diversity in a community. (ii) Predators in nature are prudent. (iii) Predators cannot reduce the intensity of competition among competing prey species. (iv) Predators do not act as conduits for energy transfer across trophic levels.
Amensalism is an association between two species where
The change in population size at a given time interval t, is given the expression N t = N o + B + I – D – E I, B and D stand respectively for
The proportion of young individuals is highest in
Diapause is
Which of the following is an adaptation in kangaroo rat to live in deserts?
Which of the following is a measure of the inherent potential of a population to grow?
Mammals from colder climates generally have shorter ears and limbs to minimise heat loss. This is called
In order for the human population to achieve zero population growth, which of the following must occur?
In brood parasitism
The rat in North American deserts is capable of meeting all its water requirements through its internal fat oxidation. It is an example of
Which of the following will be least adversely affected by predation?
Which one of the following is a matching pair of certain organisms and the kind of association?
The principle of competitive exclusion was given by
Gause’s competitive exclusion principle states that: A. Two unrelated genus competing for the same resources cannot co-exist indefinitely and competitively superior one will get eliminated eventually B. Two closely related species competing for the same resources cannot co-exist indefinitely and competitively inferior one will get eliminated eventually C. Two unrelated species competing for the same resources can co-exist indefinitely and can grow together D. Two closely related species competing for the same resources cannot co-exist indefinitely but can grow together
Which of the following parameters are responsible for increasing the population?
Which of the following animals undergo aestivation?
Individuals of one kind (species) occupying a particular geographic area at a given time form
The maximum number of individuals of a population which can be supported with optimum resources for their survival is
The interdependent evolution of flowering plants and pollinating insects together is known as
Choose the correct match from the following. i. Co-evolution – Endoparasite and host ii. Mutualism – Relation of plants and BGA iii. Sexual deceit – Shown by Opuntia plant iv. Competition- Connell’s elegant field experiment
If a population grows in a habitat with limited resources, then following phases of achievement observed.
Read the below statements and select the appropriate option. a) Experimental removal of Pisaster resulted in the extinction of more than ten species of invertebrates. b) Nearly 40 percent of all insects are known to be phytophagous. c) Predators help to maintain species diversity.
What is correct about the niche?
An animal is hiding itself in the background surrounding. This phenomenon is
Various age pyramids (P-R) for human population are shown below. Select the option with correct identification. Expanding type Declining type 1. P Q 2. P R 3. Q R 4. Q R
Kangaroo rat is an inhabitant of
The phenomenon of interaction between the member of two different species where one organism is being benefitted without affecting the other is
After poaching 3 lions in a certain forest of Gujarat, only 15 are left in a year. Determine the death rate per capita.
Which of the following is not an example of commensalism?
A logistic growth curve depicting a population that is limited by a definite carrying capacity is shaped like the letter
Exponential growth can be expressed by
Match the following and select the correct option. Column-I Column-II (a) Predation (i) Cattle and egret (b) Commensalism (ii) Human and Plasmodium vivax (c) Parasitism (iii) Fungi and bacteria (d) Amensalism (iv) Cat and rat a b c d 1. ii i iv iii 2. i iv iii ii 3. iv i ii iii 4. iii iv ii i
Identify the incorrect statement.
If parasitism is an example of +ve, – ve interaction, then competition is an example of
Which of the below-mentioned regions exhibit less seasonal variations?
What type of human population is represented by the following age pyramid?
