Table of Contents
What is the Culture of Bihar
Culture of Bihar is a rich tapestry shaped by diverse religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Islam, and Christianity. It encompasses art, dance, music, and festivals, with folk traditions and handicrafts like Madhubani paintings. Major festivals like Holi and Durga Puja are celebrated with enthusiasm. The state’s linguistic diversity includes Hindi, Urdu, Maithili, Bajjika, Bhojpuri, Angika, and Magadhi. Bihar’s cultural heritage is a unique blend of traditions, making it a fascinating destination for exploring India’s diverse cultures.
History of Bihari Culture
Bihar’s culture has a rich and diverse history, with influences from Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Islam, and Christianity. The state’s cultural life comprises a myriad of art forms, dance, music, festivals, and fairs, reflecting the diverse traditions and beliefs of its people. Bihar is renowned for its rich tradition of performing arts, with folk songs, folk dances, and classical music being an integral part of its culture. The state is also famous for its handicrafts, such as Madhubani and Mithila paintings, Tussar silk sarees, and bamboo and leather works. Bihar’s linguistic culture is diverse, with Hindi being the dominant and official language, and Urdu, Maithili, Bajjika, Bhojpuri, Angika, and Magadhi being spoken in different regions.
Cultural Heritage of Bihar
Bihar’s cultural heritage is a tapestry of art, music, dance, and traditions that have evolved over millennia. The state’s rich culture is influenced by Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Islam, and Christianity, reflecting its diverse history and religious significance. The art and culture of Bihar are characterized by traditional art forms such as Madhubani and Mithila paintings, Manjusha Art, and various forms of performing arts including folk songs, folk dances, and classical music. The state’s linguistic diversity, with languages such as Hindi, Urdu, Maithili, Bajjika, Bhojpuri, Angika, and Magadhi, adds to the richness of its cultural heritage. Bihar’s cultural heritage is also evident in its festivals, such as Holi, Saraswati Puja, Durga Puja, and Diwali, which are celebrated with great enthusiasm and devotion. The state’s food culture, including traditional dishes such as litti-chokha, sattu, and thekua, is an integral part of its cultural heritage. The cultural dance forms of Bihar, such as Jat-Jatin, Jhijhian, and Jumari, are a reflection of the state’s vibrant and diverse cultural traditions. Bihar’s cultural heritage is a source of pride for its people and a reflection of the state’s rich history and traditions.
| Rajasthani Traditional Dress | Traditional Dress of Gujarat |
| Kerala Traditional Dress | Odisha Traditional Dress |
| Maharashtra Traditional Dress | Karnataka Traditional Dress |
Art and Culture of Bihar
The art and culture of Bihar are a vibrant blend of diverse traditions, influences, and practices, reflecting the rich history and cultural heritage of the state. Some key aspects of Bihar’s art and culture include:
Arts and Crafts of Bihar
Bihar’s art and craft heritage is a testament to its people’s creativity, skill, and cultural depth. The Madhubani paintings are one of the most renowned art forms, depicting nature and daily life scenes. The state is also known for its wood carvings, pottery, bamboo works, and brass works, which are deeply intertwined with tradition and have been preserved through generations. Bihar’s cultural life comprises a variety of dance, music, and festivals, adding vibrancy to the state’s cultural tapestry. Arts and crafts of Bihar offer a glimpse into the state’s rich cultural heritage and creative expression
Cultural Dance of Bihar
The cultural dance of Bihar is a vibrant and essential aspect of the state’s rich cultural heritage. Bihar’s traditional dances are entertaining and performed during various occasions, reflecting the diverse traditions and beliefs of its people. Some of the popular cultural dances of Bihar include:
Bidesia
Bidesia is a dance-drama form that is extremely popular in the Bhojpuri-speaking region of Bihar. This dance form involves a combination of singing, dancing, and storytelling, and is often performed during various occasions and festivals.
Bhojpuri Folk Dances
Bhojpuri folk dances are lively and energetic, with a focus on beats and rhythm. These dances are typically performed during local events, weddings, and festivals, and showcase the rich cultural heritage of Bihar.
Madhubani and Mithila Dances
Madhubani and Mithila dances are a unique form of dance that involves the use of traditional instruments and props. These dances are often performed during various occasions, such as Holi, Saraswati Puja, and other local festivals.
Patna Qalam
Patna Qalam is a popular school of painting in Bihar, which has its roots in the Mughal Miniature School of Painting. This art form has gained popularity in recent years and showcases the rich cultural heritage of Bihar through its intricate and detailed paintings.
The cultural dance of Bihar is a testament to the state’s diverse cultural heritage, with influences from various religious and cultural traditions. These dances not only provide entertainment but also serve as a means of preserving and promoting the rich cultural heritage of Bihar.
| Culture of Rajasthan | Culture of Kerala |
| Culture of Manipur | Culture of Assam |
| Culture of Andaman and Nicobar Islands | |
Food Culture of Bihar
The food culture of Bihar is an essential part of its rich cultural heritage. Bihar’s cuisine is predominantly vegetarian, influenced by Buddhist and Hindu values of non-violence, and does not include eggs. The state’s cuisine includes a variety of dishes, such as “Litti Chokha,” “Sattu Paratha,” “Kadhi,” and “Bharwan Karela.” Bihar’s cuisine also includes special dishes like “Tilba,” “Chura,” “Chitba,” “Pitthow,” and “Makhana.” The state’s food culture is an integral part of its festivals and celebrations, such as Holi, Saraswati Puja, Durga Puja, Deepwali, and Bhaiya Dooj.
Festival of Bihar
The Festival of Bihar is a vibrant celebration of the rich cultural heritage and diverse traditions of the state. Bihar, home to various religious groups, celebrates numerous festivals throughout the year, each with its unique significance and rituals. Some of the most famous festivals in Bihar include Chhath Puja, Makar-Sankranti, Buddha Jayanti, Sonepur Cattle Fair, and Rajgir Mahotsav.
Chhath Puja
Chhath Puja is a unique festival dedicated to the Sun God, celebrated with great pomp and devotion among Bihari people. It is one of the holiest festivals for Biharis and extends to four days.
Makar-Sankranti
Makar-Sankranti is a springtime celebration marked by the transition of the sun from Capricorn to Aquarius. This festival is celebrated with enthusiasm and devotion, and people take a dip in sacred rivers and lakes.
Buddha Jayanti
Buddha Jayanti is a festival that commemorates the birth of Lord Buddha. Bihar, being a land with deep roots in Buddhism, celebrates this festival with various religious and cultural events.
Sonepur Cattle Fair
Sonepur Cattle Fair is a unique festival held in Sonepur, where thousands of people gather to witness the cattle trade and enjoy the vibrant atmosphere.
Rajgir Mahotsav
Rajgir Mahotsav is a celebration of Bihar’s art and heritage, showcasing the rich cultural heritage of the state.
These festivals provide an intriguing look into the rich culture and customs of Bihar, reflecting the deep-rooted faith and values of the people in the state. The celebrations are unique to Bihar, characterized by unique customs such as fasting, indulging in traditional delicacies, and melodious folk music.
Language and Literature of Bihar
The language and literature of Bihar are a reflection of the state’s rich cultural heritage, with influences from various religious and cultural traditions. Some key aspects of Bihar’s language and literature include:
Literature of Bihar
Bihar has produced numerous writers in Hindi, including Raja Radhika Raman Singh, Shiva Pujan Sahay, Divakar Prasad Vidyarthy, Ramdhari Singh ‘Dinkar’, Ram Briksh Benipuri, Phanishwar Nath ‘Renu’, Gopal Singh “Nepali”, and Baba Nagarjun. Other prominent writers in regional languages, such as Maithili, Bajjika, Bhojpuri, Angika, and Magadhi, have also contributed to Bihar’s literary landscape.
Language of Bihar
Hindi is the dominant and official language of Bihar, with Urdu being the second official language in 15 districts. Other regional languages spoken in the state include Maithili, Bajjika, Bhojpuri, Angika, and Magadhi.
Literary Works
Bihar’s literary works have been translated into various languages, including Sanskrit, Pali, Magahi, Bhojpuri, Maithili, Angika, Hindi, Urdu, Persian (Farsi), English, and classical languages such as Sanskrit and Pali. This rich anthology of Bihari literature showcases the legacy of Bihar and highlights the importance of preserving and promoting its cultural heritage.
The language and literature of Bihar are essential components of the state’s cultural heritage, and efforts are made to preserve and promote them for future generations. The Department of Art Culture and Youth in Bihar has been working to preserve the rich cultural heritage of the state since 1986, focusing on various aspects such as art, culture, sports, archeology, and museums.
Drama and Theatre of Bihar
The culture of Bihar is a rich tapestry of diverse traditions, influences, and practices, including drama and theater. Bihar’s theatrical heritage is a testament to its long and storied history, with various regional and folk theater genres reflecting the unique cultural flavors of the state. Some key aspects of drama and theater in Bihar include:
Theater Genres
Bihar is home to numerous theater genres, such as Bidesia, Bihula-Bisahari, Reshma-Chuharmal, Raja Salhesh, Bahura-Gorin, Dom Kach, and Sama Chakeva. These genres showcase the diverse cultural traditions and beliefs of the people in Bihar.
Folk Dances and Music
Bihar’s traditional dances are entertaining and are performed during various occasions, with folk songs, folk dances, and classical music being an integral part of its culture.
Patna Qalam
Patna Qalam is a popular school of painting in Bihar, which is an offshoot of the well-known Mughal Miniature School of Painting. This art form flourished in Bihar during the early 18th to mid-20th century and features village scenes, human and animal forms, gods and goddesses.
Cultural Institutions
The Department of Art Culture and Youth in Bihar works to preserve the rich cultural heritage of the state, including drama and theater. The department is divided into four well-established directorates: Directorate of Student and Youth Welfare, Directorate of Cultural Affairs, Directorate of Museum, and Directorate of Archaeology.
In summary, the drama and theater scene in Bihar are a vibrant reflection of the state’s rich cultural heritage, with numerous regional and folk theater genres showcasing the diverse traditions and beliefs of its people. The preservation and promotion of these artistic and cultural traditions are essential for maintaining the unique cultural identity of Bihar.
Music of Bihar
Bihar’s music is an integral part of its rich cultural heritage. The state has a diverse and indigenous folk music culture, with various regional dialects, and the three primary linguistic groups being Maithili, Magadhi, and Bhojpuri. Bihar’s folk songs are associated with various events in the life of an ordinary person, such as the birth of a child, weddings, and seasonal celebrations. Some of the popular folk songs of Bihar are Sohar, Sumangali, Ropnigeet, and Katnigeet. Bihar is also renowned for its classical music, with musicians like Bharat Ratna Ustad Bismillah Khan and dhrupad singers like the Malliks contributing to the Hindustani classical music. The state’s music is also seen in regions such as Mauritius, Fiji, and the Caribbean
Architecture of Bihar
Architecture of Bihar is a reflection of its rich cultural heritage. The state has a long history of architectural achievements, with the Mauryan period marking a transition to the use of brick, stone, and wood. The ancient city of Pataliputra had wooden pillars and fortifications, revealing a high order of workmanship. The state’s architectural achievements include the Stupa, which is a Buddhist architectural term for a mount. Bihar’s architecture is a testament to the state’s rich cultural heritage and is a significant part of its art and culture.
Food of Bihar
Bihar’s cuisine is a reflection of its rich cultural heritage and diverse traditions. Bihari cuisine is mainly seasonal and comparable to North Indian and East Indian cuisines. The cuisine is highly seasonal, with watery foods such as watermelon and sharbat made from the pulp of the wood-apple fruit being consumed in summers, while dry foods such as preparations made of sesame seeds and poppy seeds are consumed more in winters. Some of the famous dishes of Bihar include Litti Chokha, Sattu Paratha, Dalpuri, Tilkut, and Chana Ghugni. Dairy products are consumed frequently throughout the year, including dahi (yogurt), spiced buttermilk (known as mattha), ghee, lassi, and butter. There are numerous Bihari meat dishes, with chicken and mutton being the most common. Fish dishes are especially common in the Mithila region of North Bihar due to the number of rivers, such as the Sone, Gandak, Ganges, and Koshi.
Religion in Bihar
Religion is an integral part of the cultural heritage of Bihar, a state located in the eastern part of India. The diverse religious traditions practiced in Bihar have contributed to the rich and varied cultural landscape of the region. The major religions practiced in Bihar are Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, and Christianity. Hinduism is the largest religious community in Bihar, followed by Islam. Christianity, Buddhism, and Sikhism are minority religions in Bihar. Bihar has a long history of religious tolerance and coexistence, and the state celebrates several festivals throughout the year, including Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Adha, and Muharram. The state’s long history of religious harmony is a testament to its commitment to tolerance and coexistence, and it has played a crucial role in maintaining peace and stability in the state.
Fair of Bihar
Bihar is known for its vibrant fairs and festivals, which are an integral part of its cultural heritage. The fairs of Bihar are a reflection of the state’s rich history and traditions. Some of the popular fairs in Bihar include the Sonepur Mela, which is Asia’s largest cattle fair, and the Rajgir Mahotsav, which celebrates the state’s cultural diversity. The fairs are a showcase of Bihar’s art, music, dance, and handicrafts, and provide a platform for local artisans and performers to showcase their talents. The food culture of Bihar is also on display at these fairs, with traditional dishes like litti-chokha, sattu paratha, and thekua being served. The fairs of Bihar are a must-visit for anyone interested in experiencing the state’s rich cultural heritage.
Paintings of Bihar
Bihar is known for its rich tradition of paintings, with several styles of painting practiced in the state. One of the most famous styles is Mithila painting, which is a style of Indian painting used in the Mithila region of Bihar. These paintings are known for their intricate designs and bright colors, depicting stories, nature, and daily life. The art of painting is deeply intertwined with the culture of Bihar, and families and communities have been doing it together for generations, making it a special part of their cultural heritage. The state’s handicrafts, such as Madhubani and Mithila paintings, are well-known throughout the country. The preservation and promotion of these artistic traditions are essential for maintaining the rich cultural heritage of Bihar.
Sculpture of Bihar
The sculpture of Bihar is a rich and diverse art form that has evolved over time, reflecting the state’s rich cultural heritage and historical significance. Bihar’s sculptures can be found in various forms, such as stone, wooden structures, grass-clothes, lacquer, and metal wares. Some of the notable aspects of Bihar’s sculpture culture include:
Stone Sculptures
Bihar’s history is filled with intricate stone sculptures, showcasing the skill and creativity of its artisans. These sculptures can be found in ancient monuments, such as the famous Bodh Gaya temple complex and the Ajanta and Muraikala caves.
Wooden Structures
Wooden structures are another important aspect of Bihar’s sculpture culture. These structures, often used for religious and domestic purposes, showcase the intricate craftsmanship and design of Bihar’s artisans.
Grass-Clothes
Grass-clothes sculptures are a unique art form in Bihar, where artists create sculptures using grass and other natural materials. These sculptures are often used for decorative purposes during festivals and rituals.
Lacquer and Mural Art
Lacquer and mural art are another aspect of Bihar’s sculpture culture. Artisans in Bihar create intricate designs and patterns using lacquer, a natural resin secreted by the lac bug. These designs are often used to decorate household items, such as furniture and utensils, as well as to create murals on temple walls and other public spaces.
Metal Sculptures
Bihar’s sculpture culture also includes various forms of cast and wrought iron sculptures. These sculptures, often used for religious and cultural purposes, showcase the skill and craftsmanship of Bihar’s artisans.
The sculpture of Bihar is not only an essential aspect of the state’s cultural heritage but also serves as a source of livelihood for many artisans. The preservation and promotion of this art form are crucial for maintaining the rich cultural heritage of the state.
Facts about Bihar Culture
Here are some facts about the culture of Bihar:
- Bihar has a rich and diverse cultural heritage, influenced by Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Islam, and Christianity.
- The state is known for its traditional art forms, including Madhubani and Mithila paintings, Manjusha Art, and various styles of painting used in the Mithila region.
- Bihar’s cultural life comprises a variety of art, dance, music, festivals, and fairs, reflecting the diverse traditions and beliefs of its people.
- The state is renowned for its folk songs, folk dances, and classical music, which are an integral part of its culture.
- Bihar celebrates numerous festivals, including Holi, Saraswati Puja, Durga Puja, Diwali, and Bhaiya Dooj, each with its unique significance and celebration.
- The state is also famous for its handicrafts, such as Tussar silk sarees, bamboo and leather works, Sujni embroidery, lac bangle making, and Madhubani paintings.
- Bihar’s linguistic culture is diverse, with Hindi being the dominant and official language, and Urdu, Maithili, Bajjika, Bhojpuri, Angika, and Magadhi being spoken in different regions.
These facts showcase the rich and vibrant culture of Bihar, which is a testament to its long and storied history.
FAQs on Culture of Bihar
What is the main culture of Bihar?
The main culture of Bihar is a blend of various religious and cultural influences, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Islam, and Christianity. The state's cultural life comprises art, dance, music, festivals, and fairs, reflecting the diverse traditions and beliefs of its people.
What is the cultural symbol of Bihar?
The cultural symbol of Bihar is not explicitly mentioned. However, the rich cultural heritage and artistic prowess of the state, including the Madhubani paintings and traditional crafts, could be considered as symbols that represent the unique identity of Bihar's culture.
What is the festival of Bihar culture?
The festival of Bihar culture includes numerous festivals, such as Holi, Saraswati Puja, Durga Puja, Diwali, and Bhaiya Dooj, each with its unique significance and celebration, adding vibrancy to the state's cultural tapestry.
Who are the gods of Bihar?
The specific gods of Bihar are not mentioned. However, Bihar has a strong connection with Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and various mythological characters are associated with the state.
What is the music culture of Bihar?
Bihar's music culture is rich and diverse, with folk songs, folk dances, and classical music being an integral part of its culture. The state is renowned for its folk music and dance forms, reflecting its cultural diversity.
Which god is born in Bihar?
The specific god born in Bihar is not mentioned. However, Bihar has a strong connection with Hinduism, and various mythological characters are associated with the state.
Why is Krishna called Bihari?
Krishna is called Bihari because he is an incarnation of Lord Vishnu, and one of his pastimes was to manage the affairs of the kingdom of Bihar. In some versions of the Krishna mythology, he is also known as Bihari, the one who kills the demon king Bihasur.
