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The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority in the country. Established on January 28, 1950, it is located in New Delhi and serves as the final court of appeal. The Supreme Court has the power to review laws and ensure that they align with the Constitution of India. It also handles disputes between the central government and the states, as well as among states themselves.
Structure of the Supreme Court
The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice of India (CJI) and a maximum of 34 judges. These judges are appointed by the President of India and can serve until the age of 65. The process of appointment involves consultation with the CJI and other senior judges. The Court is known for its independence and plays a crucial role in upholding the rule of law and protecting citizens’ rights.
Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
The Supreme Court has original, appellate, and advisory jurisdiction. In its original jurisdiction, the Court hears cases involving disputes between the central and state governments or between states. The appellate jurisdiction allows it to hear appeals against judgments from lower courts. Additionally, the Court can provide advisory opinions on matters referred to it by the President of India.
General Knowledge Questions on the Supreme Court of India
Ques. When was the Supreme Court of India established?
Ans. January 28, 1950
Ques. Where is the Supreme Court of India located?
Ans. New Delhi
Ques. Who is the current Chief Justice of India?
Ans. Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud
Ques. What is the maximum number of judges in the Supreme Court of India, including the Chief Justice?
Ans. 34
Who appoints the judges of the Supreme Court?
Ans. The President of India
Ques. What types of jurisdiction does the Supreme Court of India have?
Ans. Original, appellate, and advisory jurisdiction
Ques. Can the Supreme Court review the constitutionality of laws?
Ans. Yes
Ques. Which article of the Indian Constitution grants the Supreme Court the power of judicial review?
Ans. Article 137
Ques. In what types of cases does the Supreme Court have original jurisdiction?
Ans. Disputes between the central government and states, or among states
Ques. What is the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
Ans. Hearing appeals against judgments from lower courts
Ques. What was the landmark case in which the Supreme Court ruled that the basic structure of the Constitution cannot be altered by Parliament?
Ans. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
Ques. Which case led to the declaration of the Right to Privacy as a fundamental right?
Ans. Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India
Ques. In which case did the Supreme Court uphold the validity of the Right to Education Act?
Ans. Society for Unaided Private Schools of Rajasthan v. Union of India
Ques. What was the verdict of the Supreme Court in the Sabarimala case?
Ans. The Court allowed women of all ages to enter the Sabarimala Temple.
Ques. Which case is known for the Supreme Court’s directive on guidelines against sexual harassment at the workplace?
Ans. Vishakha v. State of Rajasthan
Ques. Who was the first Chief Justice of India?
Ans. Justice Harilal Jekisundas Kania
Ques. How long can a judge of the Supreme Court serve?
Ans. Until the age of 65
Ques. Who was the first woman judge of the Supreme Court of India?
Ans. Justice M. Fathima Beevi
Ques. Who is the longest-serving Chief Justice of India?
Ans. Justice Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud
Ques. Which Chief Justice of India also served as the acting President of India?
Ans. Justice M. Hidayatullah
Ques. What is the official language of the Supreme Court of India?
Ans. English
Ques. Which part of the Indian Constitution deals with the Supreme Court?
Ans. Part V
Ques. Under which article can the President of India seek the Supreme Court’s advice?
Ans. Article 143
Ques. What is the term used for the power of the Supreme Court to transfer cases from one High Court to another?
Ans. Transfer Petition
Ques. Which case resulted in the establishment of the Collegium system for judicial appointments?
Ans. S.P. Gupta v. Union of India (also known as the Judges’ Transfer case)
Ques. What is the Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the context of the Supreme Court?
Ans. A legal action initiated in a court of law for the protection of Public Interest
Ques. Which amendment led to the creation of the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC)?
Ans. 99th Constitutional Amendment
Ques. Who can remove a judge of the Supreme Court?
Ans. The President, after an address by Parliament
Ques. What is the process for the removal of a Supreme Court judge called?
Ans. Impeachment
Ques. What was the first case in which the Supreme Court of India delivered a judgment?
Ans. A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras
