Read the following statements. I. A dry seed has no water at all. II. A mature corn plant absorbs about 3 liters of water in a day. III. In 5 hours, a mustard plant absorbs water equal to its own weight. IV. Water is often the limiting factor for plant growth and productivity in both agricultural fields and natural environments.
Dry seeds absorb water during seed germination by a process known as
Direction of movement in the phloem is bi-directional because-
Water absorption in plants is enhanced by-
Transpiration and root pressure cause water to rise in plants by
Choose the incorrect statement.
Choose the incorrect statement.
Phloem exudates mainly contain:
To study water loss from a leaf, we can use
What is the similarity between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Statement A: Translocation of mineral water through xylem conduits is apoplastic. Statement A: Translocation of photosynthates through phloem conduits is symplastic.
Which one gives the most valid and recent explanation for stomatal movement?
Choose the incorrect statement.
Water vapour comes out from the plant leaf through the stomatal opening. Through the same stomatal opening carbon dioxide diffuses into the plant during photosynthesis. Reason out the above statements using one of following options.
Stomatal movement is not affected by
Water potential of a solution is
The chief sink for mineral element are all except:
Which of the following transport across the cell needs ATP and is affected by protein inhibitors?
How many protons and electrons are required for synthesis of six molecules of ammonia via biological nitrogen fixation?
There are three cells. Cell A has water potential of -10 atm, water potential of cell B is -8 atm and the water potential of cell C is -8 atm. The direction of water flow is:
Similarity between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is:
When the cells are placed in a hypotonic solution
Phloem sap contains:
Which of the following statement is incorrect for active transport? I. Pumps are involved in this process. II. Substances are moved against the concentration gradient. III. Carrier proteins are very specific. IV. Transport of substances is not affected by the presence of inhibitors.
Quantity and types of solutes are adjusted by transport proteins of:
Correct representation of water potential of a cell is:
Which of the following physical properties of water is/ are mainly responsible for the ascent of xylem sap? A: Cohesion B: Adhesion C: Surface Tension
Active transport is different from facilitated diffusion in being A. Transport taking place against the concentration gradient B. Proteins are involved in transporting the substances. C. Usage of energy for the transport of substances
Identify the incorrect statement w.r.t. Guttation.
What will happen to the water potential if a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure is applied to a solution?
Which amongst the following statement is incorrect about diffusion?
Statement A: The solute concentration of epidermal cells of roots of a plant is more than the solute concentration of soil. Statement B: Minerals enter into cytoplasm of epidermal cells mainly by active absorption.
Select the incorrect statement w.r.t. apoplast pathway of absorption of water in plants.
Starch cannot be transported in plants because it is
What will be the direction of movement of water, when solution X having water potential of – 12 bars and another solution Z of -8 bars is separated by a semipermeable membrane?
A special type of diffusion when water is absorbed by solids or colloids causing increase in volume is called
In a ring girdled plant
Which of the following criteria does not pertain to facilitated transport ?
Root pressure develops due to
A column of water within xylem vessels of tall trees does not break under its weight because of
A few drops of sap were collected by cutting across a plant stem by a suitable method. The sap was tested chemically. Which one of the following test results indicates that it is phloem sap?
Which of the following facilitates opening of stomatal aperture?
The water potential of pure water is
Choose the components of a flowering plant directly involved in translocation of substances. A. Vessels B. Tracheids C. Companion cells D. Sieve tubes
Xylem translocates
Which of the following is not a feature of diffusion?
Read the following statements and find out the incorrect statement.
Pinus seed cannot germinate and establish without fungal association. This is because
What is the direction of movement of sugars in phloem?
Pumps are
There are two cells A and B adjacent to each other. Cell A has ψ s of – 5 Pa and ψ p of 2Pa. Cell B has ψ s of – 8 Pa and ψ p of 7 Pa. Then the movement of water would be
Arrange the following in correct sequence during transport of sugars through phloem from source (Leaf) to sink (Root). A. Osmotic entry of water into xylem vessels from sieve tubes. B. Loading of sugars into sieve tubes. C. Unloading of sugars from sieve tubes into the storage cells of root. D. Osmotic entry of water from into sieve tubes from xylem vessels.
Choose the incorrect statement
Choose the incorrect statement
The process responsible for facilitating loss of water in liquid form from the tip of grass blades at night and in early morning is :
Which of the following is not the purpose of transpiration?
Select the incorrect statement.
The main difference between active and passive transport across cell membrane is :
Which of the following is not a feature of active transport of solutes in plants ?
What will be the direction of flow of water when a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution ?
Statement A: Movement of water and minerals from soil to the penultimate layer of cortex of root is mainly through the apoplastic path. Statement B: All Water and minerals absorbed from soil always enter into the symplastic path in root at the endodermis but not at epidermis.
Which one of the following is a difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?
Statement A: Translocation of substances through vessels is apoplastic. Statement B: Translocation of photosynthates through sieve elements is symplastic.
Choose the correct statement with respect to flaccid cell.
Statement A: Transport of photosynthates through phloem is bidirectional. Statement B: The sugars or sucrose loaded into the sieve tubes of leaf veins is transported towards the shoot apex as well as towards the root.
The physical process that contributes for the breakage of seed coat and emergence of seedling:
Phloem translocates:
Which of the following is not a plant factor affecting transpiration rate?
Plants show wilting:
All are the factors influencing transpiration except:
Re-establishment of the continuous chains of water molecules in the xylem which often break under the enormous tensions created by transpiration is because of:
pH of phloem sap is
Match the following and choose the correct match List – I List – II Shrinkage of protoplast of plant cell when kept in hypertonic solution i) Imbibition Diffusion of water through plasma membrane ii) Plasmolysis Increase in the volume of solids due to adsorption of water iii) Facilitated diffusion Movement of substances through proteins of membrane down the concentration gradient iv) Osmosis
Statement A: The movement of substances through phloem is bidirectional Statement B: The source sink relationship is variable for transport of food through phloem is variable depending on the season.
During active transpiration, choose the processes that occur in a leaf. A. The water vapor diffuses from the intercellular spaces of mesophyll of leaf into the atmosphere through stomata B. The oxygen of the leaf is diffused into the atmosphere through stomata. C. The CO 2 of atmosphere diffuses into the leaf from atmosphere. D. The CO 2 of leaf diffuses into the atmosphere through stomata.
Guard cells regulate
Bidirectional translocation of solutes takes place in
Greek symbol ψ w is used to denote
Plasmolysis (A) Is withdrawal of protoplast of a plant cell from its cell wall. (B) Occurs when a cell is placed in a solution that has more solutes than cell cytoplasm. (C) Occurs when water moves out of the cell.
Guttation is favoured by
Which of the following is not a component of symplast ?
Most of the minerals required by plants are absorbed by the root cells by the process of
Water potential of pure water is
Root pressure is responsible for:
This is not a means for short distance transport
Transport through xylem is
Guttation takes place when
Dry seeds absorb water by a process known as
A special type of diffusion when water is absorbed by solids – colloids – causing them to increase in volume is:
Statement A: Phloem usually transports food materials from leaves to other parts of the plant. Statement B: Phloem can sometime also transport food material from roots to growing regions of plant.
In rooted plants, transport of organic and mineral nutrients is
Transport in xylem is
Mark the incorrect statement regarding diffusion.
Which of the following does not limit the movement of molecules when simple diffusion is involved?
You are monitoring the diffusion of NaCl molecules across a membrane. Which of the following will result in the fastest rate of diffusion?
I. It is a slow process II. Molecules move in a random fashion, the net result being substances moving from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration. III. It is very important to plants since it is the only means for gaseous movement within the plant body. IV. It is not dependent on a ‘living system’. All these statements are correct for-
Water channel consists of how many types of aquaporins?
Which of the following is correct about facilitated and active transport?
What is the requisite for transporting substances against the concentration gradient?
Which of the following statement is incorrect for active transport? I. Pumps are proteins that use energy for transportation of molecules. II. Substances move against the concentration gradient. III. Carrier proteins are very specific. IV. Transport of substances is not affected by the presence of inhibitors.
Transport reaches saturation during:
The main difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion is
Water potential is the measure of tendency of water molecules-
Read the following statements and find the correct choices. a. In plants negative pressure potential or tension in the water column in the xylem plays a major role in water transport up a stem. b. Water potential of a cell is affected by both solute concentration and pressure potential. c. All solutions have a lower water potential than pure water. d. By convention, the water potential of pure water at standard temperatures, which is under an external pressure, is taken to be zero.
The apoplast is the system of adjacent cell walls that is continuous throughout the plant, except at:
Mark the correct statement?
Which one(s) is/are correct about porins? I. They are proteins. II. They form large pores in the inner membrane of plastids, mitochondria and some bacteria. Ill. They allow molecules up to the size of small proteins to pass through.
Transport proteins that simultaneously move two molecules across a membrane in the opposite direction are called-
A, B and C are 3 different conditions shown below related to movement of gaseous molecules across the cell membrane. Identify the condition which closely resembles to equilibrium state.
Cytoplasmic streaming:
Process of Plasmolysis is
Read the following figure: Find out the correct statement.
When a plant cell absorbs water, its turgor pressure:
If the external solution balances the osmotic pressure of cytoplasm. It is said to be:
Movement of micromolecules inside or outside the plant cell is governed by
Correct representation of water potential for a solution which is at atmospheric pressure:
Imbibition is a type of:
If a plasmolyzed cell has OP = 12, TP = –2, its DPD will be:
Osmosis is a specific form of
Seedlings emerge out of the soil because of-
When different types of molecules in a fluid move together in response to a pressure gradient, this is called-
Long distance transport is known as
Translocation of water in Neem tree ( Azadirachta indica ) takes place through-
Which of the following is generally not translocated through xylem?
Which of the following is not a component of the symplast pathway?
What is a casparian strip?
Root pressure is generated due to-
How will you define the capillary water present in soil?
Choose the incorrect statement with regards to root pressure.
Which of the following are generally moved by a mass or bulk flow system?
Transport of minerals from root to the leaf mainly takes place through-
Cohesion-tension-transpiration pull model is for-
Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding root pressure?
Potassium pump theory was given for:
Which of the following is not a characteristic of imbibition?
Which of the following is a plant factor that affects the rate of transpiration?
Attraction of water molecules to polar surface of another substance is known as:
Which of the following conditions favour appreciable amount of transpiration in plants?
Orientation of microfibrils in stomata is:
Stomata open and close due to immediate changes in:
Which of the following plant have obligate association with mycorrhiza?
Which of the following element doesn’t get mobilized most readily?
Which of the following is not a significance of transpiration?
Translocation of sugars usually occurs in the form of:
Evolution of C 4 photosynthetic system is probably one of the strategies: A- To maximize use of available CO 2 B- To minimize loss of H 2 O C- To maximize loss of H 2 O
Water potential is:
What would be ψ p (Pressure potential) of a fully flaccid cell?
Suberised cell walls are seen in:
Which of the following will happen to a parenchyma cell placed in a hypotonic solution?
Water moves from a cell having to a cell having .
Which of the following is not a part of symplast?
Expenditure of water molecules for fixing a specific amount of carbon dioxide in C 3 plants is:
Choose the incorrect statement.
Upward flow of water through the xylem in plants can achieve fairly high rates up to:
What per cent of the water reaching the leaves is used in photosynthesis and plant growth?
Choose the correct relationship between concentration of minerals in soil and root cells.
Read the following statements carefully and choose the correct option: A: Cohesion, adhesion and surface tension are responsible for providing high tensile strength and high capillarity to water. B: In plants, capillarity is aided by the small diameter of the tracheary elements.
Root cells absorb mineral ions from the soil using:
Choose the incorrect statement.
Choose the correct option regarding transport of sugars in phloem.
Select the incorrect statement regarding pressure flow hypothesis.
The phenomenon involved in increase in the volume of solids due to absorption of water is referred as
What would you observe when a cell having solute potential of -10Pa and zero pressure potential is placed in a solution having water potential of -10Pa?
One of the following has relatively highest water potential.
Ascent of sap and guttation is mainly due to the following forces:
Which means of transport is mostly responsible for movement of water molecules across the membrane?
Hydathodes are involved in
Which amongst the following is not the function of stomata?
Water potential of a solution is always
What do you observe when Pinus seeds are not associated with mycorrhizal fungi?
Two parenchyma cells P and Q are present adjacent to each other. Cell P has osmotic potential of – 2 pascals and pressure potential of 0.25 pascals. Cell Q has osmotic potential of – 5 pascals and pressure potential of 4 pascals. The result will be
All of these are the chief sinks for the mineral elements, except
Study the properties of various means of short distance transport and choose the correct combination among A, B, C and D Property Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Active transport A Requirement of special membrane proteins. Yes Yes No B Transport saturates No No Yes C Uphill transport No No Yes D Requirement of ATP Yes No Yes
For a solution at atmospheric pressure,
Active uptake is not involved during the movement of
Identify the incorrect statement regarding porins
Water potential of a solution is :
Which of the following criteria does not pertain to facilitated diffusion ?
In two adjacent cells, cell A has water potential of -25 Pa and cell B has water potential of -35 Pa. Which amongst the following statement is true w.r.t. to this statement?
In the root, during water absorption, the apoplastic movement of water is obstructed at
The process of absorption of water by hydrophilic solid particles of a substance without forming a solution is called
Movement of molecules takes place along the concentration gradient in a. simple diffusion b. facilitated diffusion c. active transport
If two molecules A & B move in the same direction. This movement can be called
Loading of sucrose in sieve tube elements is
Which of the following is not related with transpiration pull theory?
Which of the following is correct regarding mineral ions absorption in plants?
Which of the following equations is wrong?
Removal of ringwood of tissue outside the vascular cambium from the tree trunk kills it because
The water potential increases due to
Which of the following factors affect the rate of transpiration?
A leaf peeling of Tradescantia is kept in a medium having 10% NaCl. After a few minutes, if we observe the leaf peel under the microscope, we are likely to see
Roots absorb the mineral from the soil in the form of
Choose the incorrect statement about osmosis from the following.
Choose the correct statement from the following.
When a cell is placed in the solution of different concentration then, the cell swells in and shrink in respectively.
is/are liable to saturation, respond to inhibitor and is under hormonal regulation and moves only along a concentration gradient.
Substance ‘X’ is the charged molecule of small molecular weight. It is found at higher concentrations outside of cells than inside. How can substance ‘X’ enter the cells?
Name the process through which much needed oxygen is supplied to all the cells of the body?
The suction pressure of the cells is
Water potential of a cell is estimated with this formula.
There are three cells. Cell P has water potential of -20 atm, water potential of cell Q is -18 atm and the water potential of cell R is -18 atm. The direction of water flow is:
The force responsible for guttation in plants is
